LivingGLP1
Condition P02

Overweight or obesity without diabetes (adults)

Adults with BMI 27 kg/m2 or higher with at least one weight related condition or BMI 30 kg/m2 or higher (or the Asian thresholds used by the trial) and without diabetes. Includes trials enrolling people with established cardiovascular disease and overweight or obesity.

95 randomized trials; 74 fitted analyses across 25 outcomes.

Headline results

For each primary outcome, the analysis that pools all doses of each medicine, with the three most favorable estimates against the common comparator. Open an analysis for every treatment, dose and check.

All outcomes

Each outcome is analyzed per time window and estimand, with doses kept apart (each dose) and pooled (each medicine). Analyses with too few connected trials are shown as descriptive.

Percent body weight changeprimary

O10
Time windowEstimandTreatmentsTrialsNodesAnalysis
weeks 40 to 104 (target week 68)Not stated by the trialsDoses of a drug pooled186Network meta-analysis
weeks 40 to 104 (target week 68)Not stated by the trialsEach dose separately (part 2)1714Network meta-analysis
weeks 20 to 40 (target week 26)Not stated by the trialsDoses of a drug pooled1310Network meta-analysis
weeks 20 to 40 (target week 26)Not stated by the trialsEach dose separately1323Network meta-analysis
weeks 40 to 104 (target week 68)Hypothetical (as if everyone stayed on treatment)Doses of a drug pooled65Network meta-analysis
weeks 40 to 104 (target week 68)Hypothetical (as if everyone stayed on treatment)Each dose separately614Network meta-analysis
weeks 40 to 104 (target week 68)Treatment policyDoses of a drug pooled54Network meta-analysis
weeks 20 to 40 (target week 26)Hypothetical (as if everyone stayed on treatment)Each dose separately (part 2)518Network meta-analysis
weeks 20 to 40 (target week 26)Hypothetical (as if everyone stayed on treatment)Doses of a drug pooled (part 2)57Network meta-analysis
weeks 40 to 104 (target week 68)Treatment policyEach dose separately57Network meta-analysis
weeks 20 to 40 (target week 26)Treatment policyEach dose separately415Network meta-analysis
weeks 20 to 40 (target week 26)Treatment policyDoses of a drug pooled46Network meta-analysis
weeks 40 to 104 (target week 68)While on treatmentEach dose separately22Pairwise meta-analysis
weeks 20 to 40 (target week 26)Hypothetical (as if everyone stayed on treatment)Each dose separately22Pairwise meta-analysis
weeks 40 to 104 (target week 68)While on treatmentDoses of a drug pooled22Pairwise meta-analysis
weeks 20 to 40 (target week 26)Hypothetical (as if everyone stayed on treatment)Doses of a drug pooled22Pairwise meta-analysis
weeks 104 to 182 (target week 104)Not stated by the trialsEach dose separately12Descriptive only
weeks 20 to 40 (target week 26)While on treatmentEach dose separately16Descriptive only
weeks 20 to 40 (target week 26)While on treatmentDoses of a drug pooled12Descriptive only
weeks 40 to 104 (target week 68)Not stated by the trialsEach dose separately12Descriptive only
weeks 104 to 182 (target week 104)Hypothetical (as if everyone stayed on treatment)Doses of a drug pooled12Descriptive only
weeks 104 to 182 (target week 104)Treatment policyDoses of a drug pooled12Descriptive only
weeks 104 to 182 (target week 104)Treatment policyEach dose separately12Descriptive only
weeks 104 to 182 (target week 104)Not stated by the trialsDoses of a drug pooled (part 2)12Descriptive only
weeks 104 to 182 (target week 104)Not stated by the trialsDoses of a drug pooled12Descriptive only
weeks 104 to 182 (target week 104)Not stated by the trialsEach dose separately (part 2)12Descriptive only
weeks 104 to 182 (target week 104)Hypothetical (as if everyone stayed on treatment)Each dose separately12Descriptive only

Three point MACEprimary

O21
Time windowEstimandTreatmentsTrialsNodesAnalysis
longest follow-upCause specific hazardsEach dose separately12Descriptive only
longest follow-upCause specific hazardsDoses of a drug pooled12Descriptive only

Systolic blood pressure change

O05
Time windowEstimandTreatmentsTrialsNodesAnalysis
weeks 40 to 104 (target week 68)Not stated by the trialsEach dose separately1614Network meta-analysis
weeks 40 to 104 (target week 68)Not stated by the trialsDoses of a drug pooled166Network meta-analysis
weeks 20 to 40 (target week 26)Not stated by the trialsDoses of a drug pooled77Network meta-analysis
weeks 20 to 40 (target week 26)Not stated by the trialsEach dose separately716Network meta-analysis
weeks 20 to 40 (target week 26)Hypothetical (as if everyone stayed on treatment)Each dose separately (part 2)414Network meta-analysis
weeks 20 to 40 (target week 26)Hypothetical (as if everyone stayed on treatment)Doses of a drug pooled (part 2)46Network meta-analysis
weeks 40 to 104 (target week 68)Hypothetical (as if everyone stayed on treatment)Doses of a drug pooled35Network meta-analysis
weeks 20 to 40 (target week 26)Hypothetical (as if everyone stayed on treatment)Each dose separately22Pairwise meta-analysis
weeks 40 to 104 (target week 68)Hypothetical (as if everyone stayed on treatment)Each dose separately29Network meta-analysis
weeks 20 to 40 (target week 26)Hypothetical (as if everyone stayed on treatment)Doses of a drug pooled22Pairwise meta-analysis
weeks 40 to 104 (target week 68)Treatment policyEach dose separately12Descriptive only
weeks 20 to 40 (target week 26)Treatment policyDoses of a drug pooled12Descriptive only
weeks 20 to 40 (target week 26)Treatment policyEach dose separately16Descriptive only
weeks 40 to 104 (target week 68)While on treatmentDoses of a drug pooled12Descriptive only
weeks 40 to 104 (target week 68)While on treatmentEach dose separately15Descriptive only
weeks 20 to 40 (target week 26)While on treatmentDoses of a drug pooled12Descriptive only
weeks 20 to 40 (target week 26)While on treatmentEach dose separately12Descriptive only
weeks 40 to 104 (target week 68)Treatment policyDoses of a drug pooled12Descriptive only

Weight loss of 5 percent or more

O11A
Time windowEstimandTreatmentsTrialsNodesAnalysis
weeks 40 to 104 (target week 68)Not stated by the trialsDoses of a drug pooled86Network meta-analysis
weeks 40 to 104 (target week 68)Not stated by the trialsEach dose separately812Network meta-analysis
weeks 20 to 40 (target week 26)Not stated by the trialsEach dose separately612Network meta-analysis
weeks 20 to 40 (target week 26)Not stated by the trialsDoses of a drug pooled66Network meta-analysis
weeks 40 to 104 (target week 68)Treatment policyDoses of a drug pooled33Network meta-analysis
weeks 40 to 104 (target week 68)Treatment policyEach dose separately36Network meta-analysis
weeks 104 to 182 (target week 104)Treatment policyDoses of a drug pooled23Network meta-analysis
weeks 40 to 104 (target week 68)While on treatmentDoses of a drug pooled22Pairwise meta-analysis
weeks 40 to 104 (target week 68)While on treatmentEach dose separately22Pairwise meta-analysis
weeks 104 to 182 (target week 104)Treatment policyEach dose separately23Network meta-analysis
weeks 40 to 104 (target week 68)Not stated by the trialsDoses of a drug pooled (part 2)12Descriptive only
weeks 40 to 104 (target week 68)Not stated by the trialsEach dose separately (part 2)12Descriptive only
weeks 104 to 182 (target week 104)Not stated by the trialsEach dose separately (part 2)12Descriptive only
weeks 104 to 182 (target week 104)Hypothetical (as if everyone stayed on treatment)Doses of a drug pooled12Descriptive only
weeks 20 to 40 (target week 26)While on treatmentEach dose separately14Descriptive only
weeks 104 to 182 (target week 104)Hypothetical (as if everyone stayed on treatment)Each dose separately12Descriptive only
weeks 40 to 104 (target week 68)Hypothetical (as if everyone stayed on treatment)Each dose separately14Descriptive only
weeks 40 to 104 (target week 68)Hypothetical (as if everyone stayed on treatment)Doses of a drug pooled12Descriptive only
weeks 104 to 182 (target week 104)Not stated by the trialsEach dose separately12Descriptive only
weeks 104 to 182 (target week 104)Not stated by the trialsDoses of a drug pooled (part 2)12Descriptive only
weeks 104 to 182 (target week 104)Not stated by the trialsDoses of a drug pooled12Descriptive only

Weight loss of 10 percent or more

O11B
Time windowEstimandTreatmentsTrialsNodesAnalysis
weeks 40 to 104 (target week 68)Not stated by the trialsDoses of a drug pooled128Network meta-analysis
weeks 40 to 104 (target week 68)Not stated by the trialsEach dose separately (part 2)1114Network meta-analysis
weeks 20 to 40 (target week 26)Not stated by the trialsDoses of a drug pooled66Network meta-analysis
weeks 20 to 40 (target week 26)Not stated by the trialsEach dose separately612Network meta-analysis
weeks 104 to 182 (target week 104)Treatment policyEach dose separately23Network meta-analysis
weeks 40 to 104 (target week 68)Treatment policyDoses of a drug pooled23Network meta-analysis
weeks 40 to 104 (target week 68)Treatment policyEach dose separately26Network meta-analysis
weeks 104 to 182 (target week 104)Treatment policyDoses of a drug pooled23Network meta-analysis
weeks 40 to 104 (target week 68)While on treatmentDoses of a drug pooled12Descriptive only
weeks 40 to 104 (target week 68)While on treatmentEach dose separately12Descriptive only
weeks 40 to 104 (target week 68)Hypothetical (as if everyone stayed on treatment)Each dose separately14Descriptive only
weeks 104 to 182 (target week 104)Not stated by the trialsDoses of a drug pooled12Descriptive only
weeks 40 to 104 (target week 68)Hypothetical (as if everyone stayed on treatment)Doses of a drug pooled12Descriptive only
weeks 40 to 104 (target week 68)Not stated by the trialsEach dose separately12Descriptive only
weeks 104 to 182 (target week 104)Not stated by the trialsEach dose separately12Descriptive only

Weight loss of 15 percent or more

O11C
Time windowEstimandTreatmentsTrialsNodesAnalysis
weeks 40 to 104 (target week 68)Not stated by the trialsDoses of a drug pooled128Network meta-analysis
weeks 40 to 104 (target week 68)Not stated by the trialsEach dose separately (part 2)1114Network meta-analysis
weeks 40 to 104 (target week 68)Treatment policyDoses of a drug pooled23Network meta-analysis
weeks 40 to 104 (target week 68)Treatment policyEach dose separately26Network meta-analysis
weeks 20 to 40 (target week 26)Not stated by the trialsDoses of a drug pooled22Pairwise meta-analysis
weeks 20 to 40 (target week 26)Not stated by the trialsEach dose separately25Network meta-analysis
weeks 40 to 104 (target week 68)Not stated by the trialsEach dose separately12Descriptive only
weeks 20 to 40 (target week 26)Not stated by the trialsEach dose separately (part 2)12Descriptive only
weeks 20 to 40 (target week 26)Not stated by the trialsDoses of a drug pooled (part 2)12Descriptive only
weeks 40 to 104 (target week 68)Hypothetical (as if everyone stayed on treatment)Doses of a drug pooled12Descriptive only
weeks 40 to 104 (target week 68)Hypothetical (as if everyone stayed on treatment)Each dose separately14Descriptive only
weeks 40 to 104 (target week 68)While on treatmentEach dose separately12Descriptive only
weeks 104 to 182 (target week 104)Not stated by the trialsEach dose separately12Descriptive only
weeks 40 to 104 (target week 68)While on treatmentDoses of a drug pooled12Descriptive only
weeks 104 to 182 (target week 104)Treatment policyDoses of a drug pooled12Descriptive only
weeks 104 to 182 (target week 104)Not stated by the trialsDoses of a drug pooled12Descriptive only
weeks 104 to 182 (target week 104)Treatment policyEach dose separately12Descriptive only

Weight loss of 20 percent or more

O11D
Time windowEstimandTreatmentsTrialsNodesAnalysis
weeks 40 to 104 (target week 68)Not stated by the trialsDoses of a drug pooled105Network meta-analysis
weeks 40 to 104 (target week 68)Not stated by the trialsEach dose separately (part 2)97Network meta-analysis
weeks 40 to 104 (target week 68)Not stated by the trialsEach dose separately12Descriptive only
weeks 40 to 104 (target week 68)Treatment policyEach dose separately12Descriptive only
weeks 40 to 104 (target week 68)Treatment policyDoses of a drug pooled12Descriptive only
weeks 40 to 104 (target week 68)While on treatmentEach dose separately12Descriptive only
weeks 40 to 104 (target week 68)While on treatmentDoses of a drug pooled12Descriptive only
weeks 104 to 182 (target week 104)Treatment policyEach dose separately12Descriptive only
weeks 104 to 182 (target week 104)Treatment policyDoses of a drug pooled12Descriptive only
weeks 40 to 104 (target week 68)Hypothetical (as if everyone stayed on treatment)Each dose separately14Descriptive only
weeks 40 to 104 (target week 68)Hypothetical (as if everyone stayed on treatment)Doses of a drug pooled12Descriptive only
weeks 20 to 40 (target week 26)Hypothetical (as if everyone stayed on treatment)Each dose separately12Descriptive only
weeks 20 to 40 (target week 26)Hypothetical (as if everyone stayed on treatment)Doses of a drug pooled12Descriptive only

Weight loss of 25 percent or more

O11E
Time windowEstimandTreatmentsTrialsNodesAnalysis
weeks 20 to 40 (target week 26)Hypothetical (as if everyone stayed on treatment)Each dose separately12Descriptive only
weeks 40 to 104 (target week 68)Not stated by the trialsDoses of a drug pooled12Descriptive only
weeks 40 to 104 (target week 68)Not stated by the trialsEach dose separately12Descriptive only
weeks 20 to 40 (target week 26)Hypothetical (as if everyone stayed on treatment)Doses of a drug pooled12Descriptive only

SF-36 physical component summary change

O24A
Time windowEstimandTreatmentsTrialsNodesAnalysis
weeks 20 to 130 (target week 52)Not stated by the trialsDoses of a drug pooled53Network meta-analysis
weeks 20 to 130 (target week 52)Not stated by the trialsEach dose separately59Network meta-analysis
weeks 20 to 130 (target week 52)Hypothetical (as if everyone stayed on treatment)Doses of a drug pooled33Network meta-analysis
weeks 20 to 130 (target week 52)Hypothetical (as if everyone stayed on treatment)Each dose separately25Network meta-analysis
weeks 20 to 130 (target week 52)Treatment policyEach dose separately27Network meta-analysis
weeks 20 to 130 (target week 52)Treatment policyDoses of a drug pooled23Network meta-analysis
weeks 20 to 130 (target week 52)While on treatmentDoses of a drug pooled12Descriptive only
weeks 20 to 130 (target week 52)Hypothetical (as if everyone stayed on treatment)Each dose separately (part 2)12Descriptive only
weeks 20 to 130 (target week 52)While on treatmentEach dose separately12Descriptive only

Serious adverse events

O25
Time windowEstimandTreatmentsTrialsNodesAnalysis
longest follow-upRecorded harmsDoses of a drug pooled6132Network meta-analysis
longest follow-upRecorded harmsEach dose separately6097Network meta-analysis
longest follow-upRecorded harmsEach dose separately (part 2)12Descriptive only

Discontinuation due to adverse events

O26
Time windowEstimandTreatmentsTrialsNodesAnalysis
longest follow-upRecorded harmsDoses of a drug pooled2523Network meta-analysis
longest follow-upRecorded harmsEach dose separately2459Network meta-analysis

Nausea

O27A
Time windowEstimandTreatmentsTrialsNodesAnalysis
longest follow-upRecorded harmsDoses of a drug pooled5731Network meta-analysis
longest follow-upRecorded harmsEach dose separately5696Network meta-analysis
longest follow-upRecorded harmsEach dose separately (part 2)12Descriptive only

Vomiting

O27B
Time windowEstimandTreatmentsTrialsNodesAnalysis
longest follow-upRecorded harmsEach dose separately5295Network meta-analysis
longest follow-upRecorded harmsDoses of a drug pooled5229Network meta-analysis

Diarrhea

O27C
Time windowEstimandTreatmentsTrialsNodesAnalysis
longest follow-upRecorded harmsDoses of a drug pooled5431Network meta-analysis
longest follow-upRecorded harmsEach dose separately5396Network meta-analysis
longest follow-upRecorded harmsEach dose separately (part 2)12Descriptive only

Constipation

O27D
Time windowEstimandTreatmentsTrialsNodesAnalysis
longest follow-upRecorded harmsEach dose separately4480Network meta-analysis
longest follow-upRecorded harmsDoses of a drug pooled4426Network meta-analysis

Discontinuation due to gastrointestinal adverse events

O27E
Time windowEstimandTreatmentsTrialsNodesAnalysis
longest follow-upRecorded harmsDoses of a drug pooled1211Network meta-analysis
longest follow-upRecorded harmsEach dose separately (part 2)920Network meta-analysis
longest follow-upRecorded harmsEach dose separately33Descriptive only

Gallbladder and biliary disease

O28
Time windowEstimandTreatmentsTrialsNodesAnalysis
longest follow-upRecorded harmsDoses of a drug pooled66Network meta-analysis
longest follow-upRecorded harmsEach dose separately69Network meta-analysis

Acute pancreatitis

O29
Time windowEstimandTreatmentsTrialsNodesAnalysis
longest follow-upRecorded harmsEach dose separately (part 2)1334Descriptive only
longest follow-upRecorded harmsDoses of a drug pooled (part 2)1312Descriptive only
longest follow-upRecorded harmsEach dose separately22Descriptive only
longest follow-upRecorded harmsDoses of a drug pooled22Descriptive only

Medullary thyroid carcinoma

O32A
Time windowEstimandTreatmentsTrialsNodesAnalysis
longest follow-upRecorded harmsDoses of a drug pooled55Descriptive only
longest follow-upRecorded harmsEach dose separately511Descriptive only

Thyroid cancer (any)

O32B
Time windowEstimandTreatmentsTrialsNodesAnalysis
longest follow-upRecorded harmsEach dose separately39Descriptive only
longest follow-upRecorded harmsDoses of a drug pooled33Descriptive only

Suicidal ideation or behavior

O35A
Time windowEstimandTreatmentsTrialsNodesAnalysis
longest follow-upRecorded harmsDoses of a drug pooled44Descriptive only
longest follow-upRecorded harmsEach dose separately411Descriptive only
longest follow-upRecorded harmsEach dose separately (part 2)12Descriptive only
longest follow-upRecorded harmsDoses of a drug pooled (part 2)12Descriptive only

Death by suicide

O35B
Time windowEstimandTreatmentsTrialsNodesAnalysis
longest follow-upRecorded harmsDoses of a drug pooled1715Descriptive only
longest follow-upRecorded harmsEach dose separately1533Descriptive only
longest follow-upRecorded harmsEach dose separately (part 3)12Descriptive only
longest follow-upRecorded harmsEach dose separately (part 4)12Descriptive only
longest follow-upRecorded harmsEach dose separately (part 2)13Descriptive only
longest follow-upRecorded harmsDoses of a drug pooled (part 2)12Descriptive only

Pancreatic cancer

O38
Time windowEstimandTreatmentsTrialsNodesAnalysis
longest follow-upRecorded harmsEach dose separately23Descriptive only
longest follow-upRecorded harmsDoses of a drug pooled23Descriptive only

Any cancer

O39
Time windowEstimandTreatmentsTrialsNodesAnalysis
longest follow-upRecorded harmsEach dose separately210Descriptive only
longest follow-upRecorded harmsDoses of a drug pooled26Descriptive only

Acute kidney injury

O121
Time windowEstimandTreatmentsTrialsNodesAnalysis
longest follow-upRecorded harmsDoses of a drug pooled79Descriptive only
longest follow-upRecorded harmsEach dose separately721Descriptive only