Network meta-analysis
Vomiting
Overweight or obesity without diabetes (adults)
longest follow-upRecorded harmsDoses of a drug pooledHazard ratio (from event counts)
52
Randomized trials
29
Treatments
21,784
Participants
3,041
Events
In plain language
Across 52 trials with 21,784 participants, 0 of 28 treatments had a clearly better result than placebo on vomiting, 20 a clearly worse one, and for 8 the evidence could not tell them apart from placebo. The most favorable estimate was for Standard care or no added treatment: hazard ratio (from event counts) 0.37 (95% credible interval 0.11 to 1.01).
Lower values favor the treatment. "Clearly" means the 95% credible interval excludes no difference. These are averages across trials; they do not say how any one person will respond. Not medical advice.
Network of trials
Each circle is a treatment; each line joins treatments that were randomized against each other in at least one trial.
Effects compared with Placebo
Hazard ratio (from event counts). Lower values favor the treatment.
| Treatment | Bayesian HR (95% CrI) | 95% prediction interval | Frequentist HR (95% CI) | Verdict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Standard care or no added treatment STANDARD_CARE | 0.37 (0.11 to 1.01) | 0.10 to 1.24 | Unclear | |
| Lifestyle intervention (randomized arm) LIFESTYLE | 0.63 (0.01 to 40.29) | 0.01 to 40.43 | Unclear | |
| Orlistat ORLISTAT | 0.73 (0.21 to 1.99) | 0.18 to 2.43 | Unclear | |
| Dapigl sc DAPIGL_SC | 1.05 (0.19 to 6.94) | 0.17 to 7.59 | Unclear | |
| Cagrilintide OTHER_ACTIVE_cagrilintide | 1.45 (0.65 to 3.25) | 0.55 to 4.02 | Unclear | |
| Bimagrumab OTHER_ACTIVE_bimagrumab | 1.55 (0.32 to 5.55) | 0.29 to 6.37 | Unclear | |
| Exenatide extended release injection EXENER_SC | 2.63 (0.35 to 26.83) | 0.32 to 27.75 | Unclear | |
| Efpe sc EFPE_SC | 3.79 (1.32 to 13.14) | 1.10 to 15.12 | Worse | |
| Vct220 po VCT220_PO | 3.79 (1.35 to 11.85) | 1.12 to 13.86 | Worse | |
| Liraglutide injection LIRA_SC | 4.06 (2.84 to 5.92) | 2.00 to 8.64 | Worse | |
| Bofanglutide (GZR18) injection BOFANG_SC | 4.39 (1.75 to 11.87) | 1.44 to 14.05 | Worse | |
| Bimasema sc BIMASEMA_SC | 4.68 (1.94 to 11.18) | 1.55 to 13.55 | Worse | |
| Semaglutide injection SEMA_SC | 5.09 (3.84 to 6.87) | 2.56 to 10.40 | Worse | |
| Tirzepatide injection TIRZ_SC | 5.33 (3.56 to 8.31) | 2.56 to 11.91 | Worse | |
| Exenatide injection EXEN_SC | 5.44 (1.63 to 24.51) | 1.41 to 27.20 | Worse | |
| Orforglipron tablet ORFO_PO | 5.79 (3.07 to 10.49) | 2.33 to 13.50 | Worse | |
| Danuglipron tablet DANU_PO | 5.92 (1.29 to 50.98) | 1.15 to 56.11 | Worse | |
| Semaglutide tablet SEMA_PO | 6.59 (3.07 to 13.62) | 2.44 to 16.97 | Worse | |
| Retatrutide injection RETA_SC | 7.22 (1.61 to 60.33) | 1.41 to 62.81 | Worse | |
| Alenig po ALENIG_PO | 8.20 (2.68 to 31.34) | 2.26 to 36.57 | Worse | |
| Ct388 sc CT388_SC | 8.33 (0.83 to 211) | 0.73 to 221 | Unclear | |
| Mazdutide injection MAZD_SC | 9.02 (2.78 to 42.95) | 2.36 to 47.18 | Worse | |
| Loti po LOTI_PO | 13.00 (4.68 to 37.10) | 3.93 to 43.98 | Worse | |
| Tg103 sc TG103_SC | 13.76 (1.69 to 284) | 1.58 to 312 | Worse | |
| HRS-7535 tablet HRS7535_PO | 13.83 (3.19 to 104) | 2.68 to 109 | Worse | |
| Vk2735 sc VK2735_SC | 16.67 (2.33 to 334) | 2.03 to 345 | Worse | |
| Tern60 po TERN60_PO | 23.54 (3.17 to 473) | 2.89 to 509 | Worse | |
| Mari sc MARI_SC | 26.55 (3.58 to 534) | 3.24 to 588 | Worse |
Ranking
How likely each treatment is to be among the best. Rankings ignore the size of differences and their certainty, so read them with the effects above.
League table
Every treatment against every other: hazard ratio (from event counts) of the row treatment versus the column treatment, posterior median and 95% credible interval. Green: row clearly better; red: row clearly worse.
| Row versus column | PLACEBO | STANDARD_CARE | LIFESTYLE | ORLISTAT | DAPIGL_SC | OTHER_ACTIVE_cagrilintide | OTHER_ACTIVE_bimagrumab | EXENER_SC | EFPE_SC | VCT220_PO | LIRA_SC | BOFANG_SC | BIMASEMA_SC | SEMA_SC | TIRZ_SC | EXEN_SC | ORFO_PO | DANU_PO | SEMA_PO | RETA_SC | ALENIG_PO | CT388_SC | MAZD_SC | LOTI_PO | TG103_SC | HRS7535_PO | VK2735_SC | TERN60_PO | MARI_SC |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PLACEBO | PLACEBO | 2.67 0.99 to 9.25 | 1.58 0.02 to 149 | 1.38 0.50 to 4.79 | 0.96 0.14 to 5.30 | 0.69 0.31 to 1.54 | 0.65 0.18 to 3.11 | 0.38 0.04 to 2.86 | 0.26 0.08 to 0.76 | 0.26 0.08 to 0.74 | 0.25 0.17 to 0.35 | 0.23 0.08 to 0.57 | 0.21 0.09 to 0.52 | 0.20 0.15 to 0.26 | 0.19 0.12 to 0.28 | 0.18 0.04 to 0.61 | 0.17 0.10 to 0.33 | 0.17 0.02 to 0.77 | 0.15 0.07 to 0.33 | 0.14 0.02 to 0.62 | 0.12 0.03 to 0.37 | 0.12 0.00 to 1.21 | 0.11 0.02 to 0.36 | 0.08 0.03 to 0.21 | 0.07 0.00 to 0.59 | 0.07 0.01 to 0.31 | 0.06 0.00 to 0.43 | 0.04 0.00 to 0.32 | 0.04 0.00 to 0.28 |
| STANDARD_CARE | 0.37 0.11 to 1.01 | STANDARD_CARE | 0.57 0.01 to 59.70 | 0.51 0.11 to 2.50 | 0.35 0.04 to 2.62 | 0.25 0.06 to 0.89 | 0.24 0.04 to 1.49 | 0.14 0.01 to 1.44 | 0.10 0.02 to 0.43 | 0.10 0.02 to 0.42 | 0.09 0.03 to 0.25 | 0.08 0.02 to 0.33 | 0.08 0.02 to 0.30 | 0.07 0.02 to 0.20 | 0.07 0.02 to 0.19 | 0.07 0.01 to 0.33 | 0.06 0.02 to 0.22 | 0.06 0.01 to 0.40 | 0.06 0.01 to 0.20 | 0.05 0.00 to 0.32 | 0.04 0.01 to 0.20 | 0.04 0.00 to 0.52 | 0.04 0.01 to 0.20 | 0.03 0.01 to 0.12 | 0.03 0.00 to 0.28 | 0.03 0.00 to 0.16 | 0.02 0.00 to 0.22 | 0.02 0.00 to 0.15 | 0.01 0.00 to 0.13 |
| LIFESTYLE | 0.63 0.01 to 40.29 | 1.74 0.02 to 127 | LIFESTYLE | 0.90 0.01 to 74.19 | 0.58 0.00 to 57.22 | 0.44 0.00 to 29.99 | 0.43 0.00 to 34.20 | 0.23 0.00 to 25.29 | 0.17 0.00 to 11.80 | 0.17 0.00 to 12.70 | 0.15 0.00 to 10.18 | 0.14 0.00 to 11.12 | 0.14 0.00 to 9.27 | 0.12 0.00 to 8.13 | 0.12 0.00 to 7.76 | 0.11 0.00 to 8.76 | 0.11 0.00 to 7.97 | 0.10 0.00 to 9.50 | 0.10 0.00 to 6.32 | 0.08 0.00 to 7.22 | 0.07 0.00 to 5.56 | 0.07 0.00 to 9.37 | 0.07 0.00 to 5.00 | 0.05 0.00 to 3.45 | 0.04 0.00 to 5.30 | 0.04 0.00 to 3.91 | 0.03 0.00 to 3.84 | 0.02 0.00 to 2.83 | 0.02 0.00 to 2.23 |
| ORLISTAT | 0.73 0.21 to 1.99 | 1.96 0.40 to 9.18 | 1.11 0.01 to 120 | ORLISTAT | 0.66 0.07 to 5.07 | 0.49 0.12 to 1.74 | 0.47 0.08 to 3.15 | 0.27 0.02 to 2.65 | 0.19 0.03 to 0.84 | 0.19 0.03 to 0.79 | 0.18 0.05 to 0.47 | 0.16 0.03 to 0.65 | 0.15 0.03 to 0.60 | 0.14 0.04 to 0.40 | 0.14 0.04 to 0.41 | 0.13 0.02 to 0.66 | 0.13 0.03 to 0.41 | 0.12 0.01 to 0.75 | 0.11 0.03 to 0.40 | 0.09 0.01 to 0.62 | 0.09 0.01 to 0.40 | 0.08 0.00 to 1.08 | 0.08 0.01 to 0.39 | 0.05 0.01 to 0.24 | 0.05 0.00 to 0.55 | 0.05 0.01 to 0.33 | 0.04 0.00 to 0.41 | 0.03 0.00 to 0.30 | 0.03 0.00 to 0.26 |
| DAPIGL_SC | 1.05 0.19 to 6.94 | 2.88 0.38 to 26.75 | 1.72 0.02 to 225 | 1.51 0.20 to 14.39 | DAPIGL_SC | 0.72 0.11 to 5.75 | 0.69 0.08 to 7.94 | 0.40 0.02 to 6.48 | 0.27 0.03 to 2.43 | 0.28 0.04 to 2.38 | 0.26 0.04 to 1.80 | 0.24 0.03 to 1.91 | 0.22 0.03 to 1.82 | 0.20 0.04 to 1.39 | 0.20 0.03 to 1.34 | 0.19 0.02 to 1.79 | 0.18 0.03 to 1.34 | 0.17 0.01 to 2.05 | 0.16 0.03 to 1.25 | 0.14 0.01 to 1.52 | 0.13 0.01 to 1.19 | 0.12 0.00 to 2.52 | 0.11 0.01 to 1.09 | 0.08 0.01 to 0.73 | 0.07 0.00 to 1.29 | 0.07 0.01 to 0.86 | 0.06 0.00 to 1.08 | 0.04 0.00 to 0.70 | 0.04 0.00 to 0.65 |
| OTHER_ACTIVE_cagrilintide | 1.45 0.65 to 3.25 | 3.92 1.12 to 16.64 | 2.26 0.03 to 226 | 2.03 0.57 to 8.49 | 1.38 0.17 to 9.17 | OTHER_ACTIVE_cagrilintide | 0.95 0.21 to 5.65 | 0.55 0.05 to 4.78 | 0.38 0.09 to 1.47 | 0.38 0.10 to 1.39 | 0.36 0.16 to 0.77 | 0.33 0.09 to 1.14 | 0.31 0.10 to 1.03 | 0.28 0.13 to 0.66 | 0.27 0.11 to 0.66 | 0.26 0.05 to 1.15 | 0.25 0.09 to 0.71 | 0.24 0.02 to 1.46 | 0.22 0.07 to 0.67 | 0.20 0.02 to 1.14 | 0.17 0.04 to 0.72 | 0.17 0.01 to 2.03 | 0.16 0.03 to 0.67 | 0.11 0.03 to 0.42 | 0.10 0.00 to 1.01 | 0.10 0.01 to 0.58 | 0.09 0.00 to 0.78 | 0.06 0.00 to 0.54 | 0.05 0.00 to 0.52 |
| OTHER_ACTIVE_bimagrumab | 1.55 0.32 to 5.55 | 4.12 0.67 to 22.98 | 2.35 0.03 to 261 | 2.14 0.32 to 12.64 | 1.45 0.13 to 12.41 | 1.05 0.18 to 4.82 | OTHER_ACTIVE_bimagrumab | 0.56 0.03 to 6.49 | 0.40 0.06 to 2.17 | 0.39 0.06 to 2.06 | 0.38 0.08 to 1.40 | 0.34 0.06 to 1.73 | 0.33 0.07 to 1.12 | 0.30 0.06 to 1.06 | 0.29 0.06 to 1.06 | 0.27 0.03 to 1.66 | 0.26 0.05 to 1.13 | 0.25 0.02 to 1.94 | 0.23 0.04 to 1.04 | 0.20 0.02 to 1.52 | 0.18 0.02 to 1.07 | 0.17 0.01 to 2.49 | 0.16 0.02 to 0.96 | 0.12 0.02 to 0.63 | 0.11 0.00 to 1.36 | 0.11 0.01 to 0.80 | 0.09 0.00 to 1.07 | 0.06 0.00 to 0.71 | 0.05 0.00 to 0.65 |
| EXENER_SC | 2.63 0.35 to 26.83 | 7.28 0.69 to 101 | 4.34 0.04 to 761 | 3.75 0.38 to 49.79 | 2.52 0.15 to 45.83 | 1.83 0.21 to 20.32 | 1.80 0.15 to 28.93 | EXENER_SC | 0.70 0.06 to 8.43 | 0.68 0.07 to 8.28 | 0.65 0.08 to 6.89 | 0.59 0.06 to 7.37 | 0.57 0.06 to 6.82 | 0.51 0.07 to 5.20 | 0.50 0.06 to 5.21 | 0.48 0.04 to 6.87 | 0.46 0.06 to 4.95 | 0.43 0.02 to 6.75 | 0.40 0.05 to 4.57 | 0.35 0.02 to 5.78 | 0.32 0.03 to 4.11 | 0.30 0.01 to 8.36 | 0.29 0.02 to 3.84 | 0.21 0.02 to 2.55 | 0.19 0.01 to 4.49 | 0.19 0.01 to 2.99 | 0.15 0.00 to 3.38 | 0.11 0.00 to 2.44 | 0.09 0.00 to 2.15 |
| EFPE_SC | 3.79 1.32 to 13.14 | 10.35 2.32 to 55.46 | 5.87 0.08 to 619 | 5.31 1.20 to 31.12 | 3.64 0.41 to 29.07 | 2.66 0.68 to 11.03 | 2.52 0.46 to 17.63 | 1.43 0.12 to 15.96 | EFPE_SC | 1.00 0.21 to 4.71 | 0.93 0.30 to 3.34 | 0.87 0.20 to 4.10 | 0.81 0.21 to 3.66 | 0.74 0.25 to 2.62 | 0.71 0.22 to 2.59 | 0.69 0.11 to 3.98 | 0.65 0.19 to 2.63 | 0.63 0.06 to 4.59 | 0.58 0.16 to 2.49 | 0.52 0.05 to 3.54 | 0.46 0.08 to 2.49 | 0.45 0.01 to 6.05 | 0.41 0.06 to 2.23 | 0.29 0.07 to 1.47 | 0.27 0.01 to 3.24 | 0.28 0.03 to 1.87 | 0.23 0.01 to 2.35 | 0.16 0.01 to 1.71 | 0.14 0.01 to 1.55 |
| VCT220_PO | 3.79 1.35 to 11.85 | 10.41 2.38 to 54.09 | 6.00 0.08 to 669 | 5.32 1.26 to 29.43 | 3.62 0.42 to 27.66 | 2.63 0.72 to 10.43 | 2.54 0.49 to 17.17 | 1.46 0.12 to 13.99 | 1.00 0.21 to 4.71 | VCT220_PO | 0.93 0.31 to 3.10 | 0.87 0.20 to 3.82 | 0.82 0.21 to 3.37 | 0.75 0.25 to 2.39 | 0.71 0.23 to 2.37 | 0.69 0.11 to 3.71 | 0.67 0.20 to 2.43 | 0.63 0.06 to 4.29 | 0.58 0.16 to 2.19 | 0.51 0.05 to 3.30 | 0.46 0.08 to 2.33 | 0.45 0.01 to 5.80 | 0.42 0.07 to 2.20 | 0.30 0.07 to 1.35 | 0.28 0.01 to 2.96 | 0.28 0.03 to 1.78 | 0.23 0.01 to 2.21 | 0.16 0.01 to 1.66 | 0.14 0.01 to 1.50 |
| LIRA_SC | 4.06 2.84 to 5.92 | 10.93 4.03 to 37.09 | 6.46 0.10 to 637 | 5.58 2.13 to 19.38 | 3.86 0.55 to 22.44 | 2.82 1.30 to 6.10 | 2.65 0.71 to 13.04 | 1.55 0.15 to 12.27 | 1.08 0.30 to 3.35 | 1.07 0.32 to 3.20 | LIRA_SC | 0.92 0.32 to 2.53 | 0.87 0.34 to 2.20 | 0.79 0.54 to 1.20 | 0.76 0.46 to 1.25 | 0.75 0.16 to 2.65 | 0.71 0.35 to 1.49 | 0.68 0.08 to 3.35 | 0.62 0.27 to 1.44 | 0.56 0.06 to 2.68 | 0.49 0.12 to 1.63 | 0.49 0.02 to 4.91 | 0.45 0.09 to 1.52 | 0.31 0.10 to 0.94 | 0.30 0.01 to 2.52 | 0.30 0.04 to 1.34 | 0.25 0.01 to 1.81 | 0.17 0.01 to 1.30 | 0.15 0.01 to 1.17 |
| BOFANG_SC | 4.39 1.75 to 11.87 | 12.05 3.02 to 55.23 | 7.02 0.09 to 768 | 6.10 1.54 to 30.96 | 4.22 0.52 to 29.69 | 3.03 0.88 to 10.54 | 2.91 0.58 to 17.96 | 1.69 0.14 to 15.67 | 1.15 0.24 to 5.07 | 1.15 0.26 to 4.92 | 1.08 0.40 to 3.12 | BOFANG_SC | 0.94 0.26 to 3.46 | 0.86 0.32 to 2.47 | 0.82 0.29 to 2.39 | 0.80 0.14 to 3.90 | 0.76 0.25 to 2.35 | 0.73 0.07 to 4.52 | 0.66 0.21 to 2.27 | 0.59 0.06 to 3.77 | 0.53 0.10 to 2.36 | 0.53 0.02 to 6.42 | 0.48 0.08 to 2.30 | 0.34 0.08 to 1.37 | 0.32 0.01 to 3.30 | 0.32 0.04 to 1.85 | 0.26 0.01 to 2.44 | 0.19 0.01 to 1.78 | 0.16 0.01 to 1.52 |
| BIMASEMA_SC | 4.68 1.94 to 11.18 | 12.54 3.34 to 55.74 | 7.23 0.11 to 727 | 6.48 1.67 to 29.50 | 4.48 0.55 to 31.01 | 3.24 0.97 to 10.18 | 3.02 0.89 to 14.16 | 1.76 0.15 to 16.30 | 1.23 0.27 to 4.86 | 1.22 0.30 to 4.79 | 1.15 0.46 to 2.92 | 1.06 0.29 to 3.83 | BIMASEMA_SC | 0.91 0.40 to 2.12 | 0.87 0.34 to 2.23 | 0.85 0.15 to 3.77 | 0.81 0.28 to 2.42 | 0.77 0.08 to 4.47 | 0.71 0.22 to 2.21 | 0.64 0.07 to 3.74 | 0.56 0.11 to 2.38 | 0.55 0.02 to 6.52 | 0.51 0.09 to 2.26 | 0.36 0.09 to 1.46 | 0.34 0.01 to 3.42 | 0.33 0.04 to 1.91 | 0.27 0.01 to 2.53 | 0.20 0.01 to 1.80 | 0.17 0.01 to 1.59 |
| SEMA_SC | 5.09 3.84 to 6.87 | 13.68 4.95 to 47.79 | 8.06 0.12 to 786 | 7.02 2.50 to 25.50 | 4.91 0.72 to 27.35 | 3.54 1.52 to 7.98 | 3.32 0.94 to 15.45 | 1.94 0.19 to 14.87 | 1.35 0.38 to 4.05 | 1.34 0.42 to 3.94 | 1.26 0.84 to 1.86 | 1.16 0.41 to 3.10 | 1.09 0.47 to 2.52 | SEMA_SC | 0.96 0.61 to 1.47 | 0.94 0.20 to 3.27 | 0.88 0.46 to 1.78 | 0.86 0.10 to 4.19 | 0.78 0.35 to 1.76 | 0.71 0.08 to 3.25 | 0.62 0.16 to 2.01 | 0.61 0.02 to 6.19 | 0.56 0.12 to 1.90 | 0.39 0.13 to 1.16 | 0.37 0.02 to 3.04 | 0.37 0.05 to 1.64 | 0.31 0.02 to 2.26 | 0.22 0.01 to 1.64 | 0.19 0.01 to 1.45 |
| TIRZ_SC | 5.33 3.56 to 8.31 | 14.32 5.38 to 48.78 | 8.47 0.13 to 831 | 7.35 2.45 to 28.07 | 5.10 0.75 to 30.24 | 3.70 1.52 to 8.88 | 3.49 0.94 to 17.69 | 2.02 0.19 to 16.18 | 1.40 0.39 to 4.52 | 1.41 0.42 to 4.26 | 1.31 0.80 to 2.19 | 1.22 0.42 to 3.40 | 1.14 0.45 to 2.93 | 1.04 0.68 to 1.65 | TIRZ_SC | 0.98 0.21 to 3.53 | 0.92 0.45 to 2.03 | 0.90 0.10 to 4.51 | 0.80 0.35 to 1.98 | 0.73 0.08 to 3.62 | 0.65 0.16 to 2.16 | 0.64 0.02 to 6.70 | 0.59 0.12 to 2.10 | 0.41 0.13 to 1.29 | 0.39 0.02 to 3.33 | 0.39 0.05 to 1.76 | 0.32 0.02 to 2.54 | 0.23 0.01 to 1.76 | 0.20 0.01 to 1.57 |
| EXEN_SC | 5.44 1.63 to 24.51 | 15.06 3.03 to 101 | 8.73 0.11 to 1030 | 7.76 1.51 to 54.09 | 5.23 0.56 to 49.33 | 3.80 0.87 to 20.22 | 3.67 0.60 to 31.97 | 2.08 0.15 to 25.24 | 1.44 0.25 to 8.96 | 1.45 0.27 to 8.89 | 1.34 0.38 to 6.25 | 1.25 0.26 to 7.05 | 1.17 0.27 to 6.50 | 1.06 0.31 to 4.93 | 1.02 0.28 to 4.86 | EXEN_SC | 0.94 0.24 to 4.87 | 0.92 0.08 to 7.94 | 0.84 0.20 to 4.14 | 0.74 0.07 to 6.47 | 0.66 0.11 to 4.44 | 0.65 0.02 to 10.47 | 0.60 0.08 to 4.07 | 0.43 0.09 to 2.53 | 0.40 0.02 to 5.20 | 0.40 0.04 to 3.20 | 0.32 0.01 to 4.18 | 0.23 0.01 to 2.94 | 0.20 0.01 to 2.57 |
| ORFO_PO | 5.79 3.07 to 10.49 | 15.51 4.63 to 60.54 | 9.35 0.13 to 884 | 7.95 2.43 to 31.82 | 5.47 0.75 to 33.30 | 3.99 1.42 to 10.67 | 3.78 0.88 to 20.38 | 2.17 0.20 to 17.33 | 1.53 0.38 to 5.23 | 1.50 0.41 to 5.03 | 1.42 0.67 to 2.83 | 1.31 0.43 to 3.95 | 1.24 0.41 to 3.57 | 1.13 0.56 to 2.19 | 1.08 0.49 to 2.20 | 1.06 0.21 to 4.16 | ORFO_PO | 0.95 0.11 to 4.96 | 0.88 0.33 to 2.27 | 0.79 0.09 to 3.96 | 0.70 0.16 to 2.53 | 0.68 0.03 to 7.63 | 0.63 0.12 to 2.47 | 0.44 0.13 to 1.43 | 0.42 0.02 to 3.73 | 0.41 0.05 to 2.08 | 0.35 0.02 to 2.79 | 0.24 0.01 to 2.04 | 0.22 0.01 to 1.78 |
| DANU_PO | 5.92 1.29 to 50.98 | 16.55 2.49 to 192 | 10.09 0.11 to 1440 | 8.42 1.33 to 93.51 | 5.88 0.49 to 85.32 | 4.19 0.69 to 41.70 | 4.02 0.51 to 52.94 | 2.31 0.15 to 43.62 | 1.58 0.22 to 17.66 | 1.59 0.23 to 16.31 | 1.46 0.30 to 12.90 | 1.37 0.22 to 13.55 | 1.30 0.22 to 12.89 | 1.16 0.24 to 10.35 | 1.11 0.22 to 10.11 | 1.09 0.13 to 13.32 | 1.05 0.20 to 9.41 | DANU_PO | 0.92 0.16 to 9.04 | 0.80 0.07 to 10.03 | 0.72 0.09 to 8.17 | 0.72 0.02 to 16.49 | 0.66 0.08 to 7.67 | 0.46 0.07 to 4.82 | 0.44 0.01 to 8.50 | 0.44 0.04 to 6.10 | 0.37 0.01 to 6.57 | 0.25 0.01 to 4.76 | 0.23 0.01 to 4.06 |
| SEMA_PO | 6.59 3.07 to 13.62 | 17.82 4.97 to 74.28 | 10.22 0.16 to 1026 | 9.17 2.52 to 38.75 | 6.27 0.80 to 39.68 | 4.58 1.48 to 13.55 | 4.30 0.96 to 24.66 | 2.47 0.22 to 21.25 | 1.74 0.40 to 6.32 | 1.72 0.46 to 6.13 | 1.63 0.69 to 3.65 | 1.51 0.44 to 4.78 | 1.41 0.45 to 4.48 | 1.29 0.57 to 2.86 | 1.24 0.50 to 2.82 | 1.19 0.24 to 4.98 | 1.14 0.44 to 2.99 | 1.09 0.11 to 6.30 | SEMA_PO | 0.90 0.10 to 4.76 | 0.80 0.17 to 3.13 | 0.78 0.03 to 8.78 | 0.72 0.13 to 2.98 | 0.51 0.19 to 1.28 | 0.48 0.02 to 4.52 | 0.48 0.06 to 2.50 | 0.39 0.02 to 3.27 | 0.28 0.01 to 2.35 | 0.25 0.01 to 2.16 |
| RETA_SC | 7.22 1.61 to 60.33 | 20.33 3.16 to 216 | 12.33 0.14 to 1672 | 10.53 1.62 to 117 | 7.15 0.66 to 93.97 | 5.01 0.88 to 50.69 | 5.00 0.66 to 63.24 | 2.84 0.17 to 48.68 | 1.92 0.28 to 20.02 | 1.95 0.30 to 19.27 | 1.79 0.37 to 15.46 | 1.70 0.27 to 16.11 | 1.57 0.27 to 14.90 | 1.41 0.31 to 12.33 | 1.37 0.28 to 11.84 | 1.35 0.15 to 15.37 | 1.26 0.25 to 11.23 | 1.26 0.10 to 14.81 | 1.11 0.21 to 9.89 | RETA_SC | 0.91 0.12 to 9.33 | 0.89 0.02 to 18.74 | 0.81 0.09 to 8.78 | 0.56 0.09 to 5.61 | 0.54 0.02 to 10.05 | 0.53 0.04 to 6.82 | 0.44 0.02 to 8.50 | 0.31 0.01 to 5.96 | 0.28 0.01 to 4.66 |
| ALENIG_PO | 8.20 2.68 to 31.34 | 22.28 5.00 to 130 | 13.34 0.18 to 1351 | 11.60 2.48 to 73.07 | 7.98 0.84 to 73.54 | 5.75 1.38 to 27.73 | 5.54 0.94 to 43.52 | 3.16 0.24 to 36.20 | 2.16 0.40 to 12.59 | 2.17 0.43 to 11.96 | 2.02 0.61 to 8.06 | 1.88 0.42 to 9.63 | 1.78 0.42 to 8.71 | 1.61 0.50 to 6.34 | 1.54 0.46 to 6.24 | 1.51 0.23 to 9.11 | 1.42 0.40 to 6.26 | 1.38 0.12 to 10.62 | 1.26 0.32 to 5.95 | 1.10 0.11 to 8.64 | ALENIG_PO | 0.98 0.03 to 13.91 | 0.91 0.14 to 5.39 | 0.64 0.13 to 3.47 | 0.59 0.02 to 7.35 | 0.61 0.06 to 4.29 | 0.51 0.02 to 5.52 | 0.35 0.01 to 3.88 | 0.30 0.01 to 3.40 |
| CT388_SC | 8.33 0.83 to 211 | 23.28 1.93 to 734 | 14.72 0.11 to 2786 | 12.25 0.92 to 382 | 8.28 0.40 to 306 | 5.90 0.49 to 160 | 5.74 0.40 to 196 | 3.31 0.12 to 141 | 2.24 0.17 to 68.92 | 2.21 0.17 to 68.43 | 2.06 0.20 to 53.71 | 1.88 0.16 to 55.37 | 1.82 0.15 to 49.52 | 1.64 0.16 to 42.25 | 1.57 0.15 to 42.33 | 1.54 0.10 to 48.26 | 1.47 0.13 to 38.73 | 1.39 0.06 to 52.29 | 1.29 0.11 to 35.10 | 1.12 0.05 to 40.42 | 1.02 0.07 to 31.85 | CT388_SC | 0.91 0.06 to 30.65 | 0.66 0.05 to 18.84 | 0.60 0.01 to 26.43 | 0.61 0.03 to 21.99 | 0.51 0.01 to 23.11 | 0.35 0.01 to 17.13 | 0.31 0.01 to 14.19 |
| MAZD_SC | 9.02 2.78 to 42.95 | 25.16 5.06 to 166 | 15.09 0.20 to 1767 | 12.92 2.58 to 92.08 | 8.73 0.91 to 88.61 | 6.30 1.49 to 34.58 | 6.10 1.04 to 52.54 | 3.50 0.26 to 43.93 | 2.42 0.45 to 15.91 | 2.40 0.46 to 14.89 | 2.22 0.66 to 10.76 | 2.06 0.44 to 12.48 | 1.94 0.44 to 11.14 | 1.77 0.53 to 8.64 | 1.70 0.48 to 8.44 | 1.67 0.25 to 12.16 | 1.58 0.40 to 8.35 | 1.52 0.13 to 13.26 | 1.39 0.34 to 7.96 | 1.24 0.11 to 10.99 | 1.10 0.19 to 7.16 | 1.10 0.03 to 17.03 | MAZD_SC | 0.70 0.14 to 4.65 | 0.66 0.02 to 8.77 | 0.66 0.07 to 5.41 | 0.55 0.02 to 6.74 | 0.39 0.01 to 4.81 | 0.35 0.01 to 4.14 |
| LOTI_PO | 13.00 4.68 to 37.10 | 35.35 8.25 to 173 | 20.18 0.29 to 1982 | 18.24 4.12 to 90.75 | 12.30 1.38 to 90.05 | 8.98 2.39 to 33.22 | 8.50 1.58 to 56.84 | 4.85 0.39 to 47.29 | 3.43 0.68 to 14.95 | 3.35 0.74 to 15.30 | 3.20 1.07 to 9.59 | 2.90 0.73 to 12.42 | 2.79 0.69 to 11.13 | 2.55 0.86 to 7.54 | 2.44 0.78 to 7.54 | 2.35 0.39 to 11.50 | 2.25 0.70 to 7.43 | 2.16 0.21 to 13.72 | 1.98 0.78 to 5.22 | 1.78 0.18 to 11.07 | 1.56 0.29 to 7.65 | 1.52 0.05 to 19.67 | 1.42 0.22 to 7.38 | LOTI_PO | 0.93 0.04 to 9.95 | 0.94 0.10 to 5.60 | 0.75 0.04 to 7.86 | 0.54 0.02 to 5.48 | 0.47 0.02 to 4.64 |
| TG103_SC | 13.76 1.69 to 284 | 39.14 3.60 to 1001 | 24.87 0.19 to 4840 | 20.26 1.81 to 540 | 13.48 0.77 to 439 | 9.54 0.99 to 228 | 9.51 0.73 to 296 | 5.31 0.22 to 199 | 3.65 0.31 to 98.10 | 3.53 0.34 to 95.92 | 3.38 0.40 to 72.61 | 3.13 0.30 to 77.79 | 2.95 0.29 to 74.66 | 2.68 0.33 to 56.89 | 2.54 0.30 to 57.87 | 2.52 0.19 to 63.24 | 2.38 0.27 to 51.04 | 2.25 0.12 to 74.16 | 2.10 0.22 to 49.07 | 1.85 0.10 to 59.75 | 1.70 0.14 to 43.49 | 1.68 0.04 to 78.00 | 1.50 0.11 to 41.12 | 1.08 0.10 to 28.39 | TG103_SC | 1.02 0.06 to 28.40 | 0.81 0.02 to 32.38 | 0.60 0.01 to 22.39 | 0.53 0.01 to 20.09 |
| HRS7535_PO | 13.83 3.19 to 104 | 38.07 6.07 to 353 | 22.36 0.26 to 3043 | 19.79 3.04 to 192 | 13.35 1.16 to 194 | 9.59 1.72 to 81.82 | 9.21 1.24 to 111 | 5.33 0.33 to 87.55 | 3.63 0.53 to 34.49 | 3.62 0.56 to 33.18 | 3.38 0.75 to 25.98 | 3.14 0.54 to 27.40 | 3.01 0.52 to 24.53 | 2.71 0.61 to 20.05 | 2.59 0.57 to 19.51 | 2.53 0.31 to 24.89 | 2.41 0.48 to 19.05 | 2.29 0.16 to 27.57 | 2.10 0.40 to 17.07 | 1.89 0.15 to 22.27 | 1.65 0.23 to 15.67 | 1.63 0.05 to 35.32 | 1.52 0.19 to 14.68 | 1.06 0.18 to 9.64 | 0.98 0.04 to 17.53 | HRS7535_PO | 0.83 0.03 to 13.34 | 0.59 0.02 to 9.53 | 0.51 0.02 to 7.94 |
| VK2735_SC | 16.67 2.33 to 334 | 46.90 4.51 to 1035 | 29.20 0.26 to 6310 | 24.07 2.45 to 610 | 16.39 0.93 to 470 | 11.60 1.28 to 238 | 11.40 0.93 to 311 | 6.55 0.30 to 229 | 4.43 0.43 to 97.31 | 4.40 0.45 to 102 | 4.07 0.55 to 83.73 | 3.80 0.41 to 83.00 | 3.64 0.39 to 79.04 | 3.25 0.44 to 65.91 | 3.12 0.39 to 64.83 | 3.08 0.24 to 75.52 | 2.89 0.36 to 59.95 | 2.73 0.15 to 82.19 | 2.54 0.31 to 53.91 | 2.26 0.12 to 61.89 | 1.98 0.18 to 46.61 | 1.96 0.04 to 83.07 | 1.82 0.15 to 44.20 | 1.33 0.13 to 27.10 | 1.24 0.03 to 43.12 | 1.20 0.07 to 32.56 | VK2735_SC | 0.70 0.02 to 27.38 | 0.63 0.02 to 23.23 |
| TERN60_PO | 23.54 3.17 to 473 | 66.09 6.72 to 1614 | 41.70 0.35 to 8044 | 33.92 3.35 to 852 | 23.28 1.43 to 734 | 16.35 1.86 to 356 | 15.99 1.40 to 436 | 9.22 0.41 to 318 | 6.23 0.58 to 158 | 6.21 0.60 to 142 | 5.80 0.77 to 118 | 5.31 0.56 to 127 | 5.05 0.56 to 114 | 4.60 0.61 to 95.67 | 4.38 0.57 to 91.00 | 4.27 0.34 to 116 | 4.09 0.49 to 85.11 | 4.03 0.21 to 110 | 3.62 0.43 to 85.13 | 3.27 0.17 to 93.27 | 2.89 0.26 to 72.58 | 2.87 0.06 to 127 | 2.59 0.21 to 71.12 | 1.86 0.18 to 43.39 | 1.66 0.04 to 70.29 | 1.70 0.10 to 46.47 | 1.44 0.04 to 56.35 | TERN60_PO | 0.87 0.02 to 35.74 |
| MARI_SC | 26.55 3.58 to 534 | 75.29 7.48 to 1731 | 46.09 0.45 to 8491 | 38.31 3.81 to 920 | 26.16 1.55 to 749 | 18.45 1.91 to 439 | 18.52 1.54 to 512 | 10.53 0.47 to 371 | 7.06 0.64 to 173 | 7.07 0.67 to 163 | 6.58 0.86 to 136 | 6.11 0.66 to 144 | 5.76 0.63 to 131 | 5.24 0.69 to 107 | 5.02 0.64 to 99.75 | 5.03 0.39 to 116 | 4.59 0.56 to 98.81 | 4.40 0.25 to 130 | 4.06 0.46 to 84.59 | 3.57 0.21 to 103 | 3.31 0.29 to 72.59 | 3.22 0.07 to 127 | 2.90 0.24 to 74.23 | 2.11 0.22 to 47.29 | 1.90 0.05 to 75.42 | 1.95 0.13 to 51.01 | 1.59 0.04 to 57.15 | 1.15 0.03 to 43.86 | MARI_SC |
Heterogeneity, fit and convergence
Bayesian random effects (primary)
Inconsistency
Do trials comparing two treatments directly agree with the indirect evidence through other treatments?
No comparison here has both direct and indirect evidence, so inconsistency cannot be checked by node splitting.
Small study effects
A comparison adjusted funnel plot: each point is one trial comparison, centered on its own network estimate. Asymmetry can signal that small trials with unfavorable results are missing.
Fewer than ten trial comparisons, too few to judge funnel plot asymmetry.
Baseline characteristics of the trials
The baseline value of each effect modifier or prognostic factor that applies here, per trial: mean or percent over arms, weighted by the number randomized. A note under a value names a stand in (a median for a mean, 100 minus the male share, Asian subgroup rows, an all Asian site list); "not reported" means no source of the trial prints it.
| Trial | Sex (percent female) effect modifier, prognostic factor; 52 of 52 |
|---|---|
| TOGETHER-PsO S000032 | 44.9 |
| NCT04081337 S000078 | 83.64 |
| SURMOUNT-5 S000093 | 64.65 |
| STEP 1 S000144 | 74.07 |
| STEP 5 S000214 | 77.6 |
| NCT04707313 S000279 | 63.4 |
| NCT04311411 S000411 | 84.96 |
| NCT03041792 S000418 | 67.69 |
| BARI-STEP S000434 | 82.85 |
| NCT05579977 S000448 | 52.05 |
| BARIOPTIMISE S000466 | 74 |
| NCT00500370 S000663 | 76.69 |
| VENTURE S000714 | 73.86 |
| NCT05616013 S000715 | 57.37 |
| NCT02075281 S000743 | 76.35 |
| STEP 10 S000832 | 71.01 |
| NCT02160990 S000865 | 65 |
| ACCESS S000899 | 54.35 |
| NCT01590433 S000955 | 100 |
| STEP 3 S000988 | 81.01 |
| NCT03842202 S001032 | 38.85 |
| SURMOUNT-1 S001077 | 67.75 |
| SURMOUNT-CN S001086 | 49.05 |
| NCT04478708 S001178 | 33.33 |
| NCT04904913 S001183 | 52.03 |
| Dapalost S001235 | 61.25 |
| NCT00781937 S001278 | 81.28 |
| STEP7 S001288 | 45.33 |
| STABLE Wt Loss S001294 | 78.36 |
| NCT00422058 S001402 | 76 |
| OASIS 1 S001472 | 72.71 |
| NCT03856047 S001532 | 61.75 |
| NCT05623839 S001559 | 50 |
| STEP 8 S001600 | 78.4 |
| NCT04881760 S001653 | 48.22 |
| STRIVE S001687 | 64.28 |
| ATTAIN-1 S001722 | 64.25 |
| TOGETHER-PsA S001889 | 69.75 |
| DREAM S002006 | 63.33 |
| STEP 6 S002102 | 36.91 |
| SURMOUNT-3 S002157 | 62.9 |
| NCT06250946 S002275 | 48.49 |
| NCT01557166 S002315 | 28.1 |
| NCT02453711 S002317 | 64.68 |
| NCT05051579 S002337 | 59.19 |
| NCT06569355 S002553 | 41.59 |
| FALCON S002590 | 79.04 |
| NCT06256562 S002790 | 45.62 |
| NCT04838405 S002824 | 56.25 |
| S002970 S002970 | 66.67 |
| NCT04855292 S003063 | 37.5 |
| S003067 S003067 | 76 |
Comparability of the trials
Checked across designs (the set of treatments each trial compares) for eligibility, outcome definition and assessment, and the baseline factors above. Flags point to possible intransitivity; notes describe variation that is not tied to design.
- FlagBaseline, Sex: design means range from 33.3 (MARI_SC vs PLACEBO) to 85.0 (LIRA_SC vs PLACEBO vs TIRZ_SC) percent female; threshold 15
- NoteOutcome assessment, time point: selected time points span 4.29 to 193 weeks
- NoteOutcome assessment, analysis set: mixed: randomized 10, safety 42
- NoteOutcome assessment, definition: mixed: deaths in safety population 1, nausea 1, not stated 49, participants with serious treatment emergent adverse events 1
- NoteOutcome assessment, intercurrent events (discontinuation): mixed: not stated 51, while_on_treatment 1
- NoteOutcome assessment, intercurrent events (rescue): mixed: not stated 51, treatment_policy 1
- NoteRisk of bias, blinding: mixed: double_blind 46, open_label 4, single_blind 2
- NoteRisk of bias, funding: mixed: industry 47, mixed 3, non_industry 2
- NoteData handling, input conversions: arms_combined 29, nonserious_only 42, printed_denominator 8
| Trial | time weeks | analysis set | definition | instrument | adjudicated | proportion method | intercurrent events (discontinuation) | intercurrent events (rescue) | blinding | funding | start year | Eligibility |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TOGETHER-PsO | 36 | safety | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | open_label | industry | 2024 | adults; moderate to severe plaque psoriasis; PASI 12 or more; BMI 30 or more, or 27 to 30 with comorbidity |
| NCT04081337 | 22 | randomized | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | double_blind | industry | 2020 | age 18 to 60; BMI 30 to 45; no diabetes; at least one metabolic impairment |
| SURMOUNT-5 | 72 | safety | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | open_label | industry | 2023 | adults; BMI 30 or more, or 27 with complication; no diabetes |
| STEP 1 | 75 | safety | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | while_on_treatment | treatment_policy | double_blind | industry | 2018 | adults; BMI 30 or more, or 27 or more with a weight related condition; no diabetes; HbA1c below 6.5 percent |
| STEP 5 | 111 | safety | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | double_blind | industry | 2018 | age 18 or older; BMI 30 or more, or 27 or more with comorbidity; no diabetes; HbA1c below 6.5 percent |
| NCT04707313 | 37 | safety | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | double_blind | industry | 2021 | age 18 to 75; BMI 30 or higher; no diabetes; stable weight |
| NCT04311411 | 10 | safety | nausea | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | double_blind | industry | 2020 | adults 18 to 65, BMI 27 to 50, no diabetes, HbA1c below 6.5 |
| NCT03041792 | 10.43 | safety | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | double_blind | industry | 2017 | age 18 to 75; BMI 30 to 40; no diabetes; HbA1c below 6.5 percent |
| BARI-STEP | 74 | randomized | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | double_blind | mixed | 2022 | age 18 to 65; at least 1 year after primary bypass or sleeve; less than 20 percent weight loss from surgery |
| NCT05579977 | 28 | safety | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | double_blind | industry | 2022 | age 18 to 75; T2D cohort on metformin, HbA1c 7.0 to 10.0, BMI 23 or more; obesity cohort BMI 30 or more without diabetes |
| BARIOPTIMISE | 28 | randomized | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | double_blind | mixed | 2018 | adults at least 1 year after RYGB or sleeve gastrectomy with 20 percent or less weight loss and suboptimal GLP-1 response |
| NCT00500370 | 28 | safety | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | double_blind | industry | 2007 | adults with BMI 30 or more, without diabetes |
| VENTURE | 19 | safety | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | double_blind | industry | 2023 | age over 18; BMI 30 or more, or 27 or more with comorbidity; BMI 50 or less; no diabetes |
| NCT05616013 | 104 | safety | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | open_label | industry | 2022 | adults 18 to 80; BMI 30 or more, or 27 or more with comorbidity; no diabetes (HbA1c below 6.5 percent); weight below 150 kg |
| NCT02075281 | 26 | safety | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | double_blind | industry | 2014 | age 18 to 64 years; BMI 30 to 42, or 27 to 30 with comorbidity; FPG below 7 mmol/L; HbA1c 6.5 percent or less; no diabetes |
| STEP 10 | 57 | safety | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | double_blind | industry | 2021 | Adults with obesity and prediabetes; diabetes excluded |
| NCT02160990 | 4.29 | randomized | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | double_blind | non_industry | 2014 | Adults; BMI 30 to 40; accelerated gastric emptying; no diabetes |
| ACCESS | 36 | safety | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | double_blind | industry | 2024 | age 18 to 79; BMI 30 or more, or 27 or more with comorbidity; HbA1c below 6.5 percent; weight above 80 kg; no diabetes |
| NCT01590433 | 52 | randomized | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | single_blind | mixed | 2012 | women 18 to 70 years, BMI 25 to 48, no diabetes |
| STEP 3 | 75 | safety | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | double_blind | industry | 2018 | BMI 30 or more, or 27 with comorbidity; no type 2 diabetes |
| NCT03842202 | 27 | safety | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | double_blind | industry | 2019 | age 18 to 65; BMI 30.0 to 45.0; HbA1c below 48 mmol/mol |
| SURMOUNT-1 | 193 | safety | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | double_blind | industry | 2019 | age 18 or older; BMI 30 or more, or 27 or more with a weight related complication; no diabetes |
| SURMOUNT-CN | 56 | safety | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | double_blind | industry | 2021 | Chinese adults; BMI 28 or more, or 24 or more with a weight related comorbidity; no diabetes |
| NCT04478708 | 29.43 | safety | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | double_blind | industry | 2020 | age 18 to 65; BMI 30 to 40; HbA1c at most 6.5 or fasting glucose below 125 mg/dL |
| NCT04904913 | 36 | safety | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | double_blind | industry | 2021 | Chinese adults 18 to 75; BMI 28 or more, or 24 or more with comorbidity or hyperphagia; no diabetes, HbA1c below 6.5 |
| Dapalost | 24 | safety | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | double_blind | industry | 2014 | age 18 to 70; BMI 30 to 45 kg/m2; no diabetes |
| NCT00781937 | 57 | safety | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | double_blind | industry | 2008 | BMI 30 or more or 27 with comorbidity; no diabetes; at least 5 percent loss on run in |
| STEP7 | 51 | safety | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | double_blind | industry | 2020 | age 18 or older; BMI 30 or more, or 27 or more with a weight related comorbidity including T2D |
| STABLE Wt Loss | 60 | randomized | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | double_blind | industry | 2022 | age 18 to 70; BMI 30 or more, or 27 or more with comorbidity; no diabetes; HbA1c 6.5 percent or less |
| NCT00422058 | 52 | safety | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | double_blind | industry | 2007 | age 18 to 65; BMI 30 to 40; FPG below 7 mmol/L; no diabetes |
| OASIS 1 | 75 | safety | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | double_blind | industry | 2021 | overweight or obesity |
| NCT03856047 | 26 | safety | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | double_blind | industry | 2019 | age 18 or older; BMI 30 or more, or 27 or more with hypertension or dyslipidemia; no diabetes |
| NCT05623839 | 27 | safety | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | double_blind | industry | 2022 | age 18 to 70; BMI 27 to 50; HbA1c below 6.5 percent; no diabetes |
| STEP 8 | 75 | safety | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | double_blind | industry | 2019 | age 18 or older; BMI 30 or higher, or 27 with a weight related comorbidity; no type 2 diabetes |
| NCT04881760 | 52 | safety | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | double_blind | industry | 2021 | 18 to 75 years; BMI 30 or more, or 27 to less than 30 with weight related complication; no type 2 diabetes |
| STRIVE | 104 | safety | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | open_label | industry | 2017 | age 18 to 75; BMI 35 or more plus prediabetes, T2D, hypertension or sleep apnea; no insulin or GLP-1 RA |
| ATTAIN-1 | 74 | safety | deaths in safety population | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | double_blind | industry | 2023 | adults BMI 30 or more, or 27 or more with a weight related complication, without diabetes |
| TOGETHER-PsA | 36 | safety | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | single_blind | industry | 2024 | age 18 to 80; active psoriatic arthritis; BMI 30 or more, or 27 to 30 with a weight related comorbidity |
| DREAM | 16 | randomized | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | double_blind | industry | 2023 | age 18 to 75; BMI 30 or more; no diabetes, HbA1c below 48 mmol/mol |
| STEP 6 | 75 | safety | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | double_blind | industry | 2019 | |
| SURMOUNT-3 | 76 | safety | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | double_blind | industry | 2021 | age 18 or older; BMI 30 or more, or 27 or more with comorbidity; no diabetes; at least 5 percent loss in lead in |
| NCT06250946 | 36 | safety | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | double_blind | industry | 2024 | age 18 to 65; BMI 28 to 40; no diabetes, HbA1c below 6.5 percent |
| NCT01557166 | 34 | safety | participants with serious treatment emergent adverse events | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | double_blind | industry | 2012 | age 18 to 64; BMI 30 or more; AHI 15 or more; no diabetes; unable or unwilling to use CPAP |
| NCT02453711 | 59 | safety | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | double_blind | industry | 2015 | BMI 30 or more without diabetes |
| NCT05051579 | 38 | safety | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | double_blind | industry | 2021 | adults BMI 30 or more, or 27 to 30 with a weight related complication, without diabetes |
| NCT06569355 | 18 | safety | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | double_blind | industry | 2023 | age 18 to 75; BMI 28 or more, or 24 to 28 with comorbidity; no diabetes |
| FALCON | 16 | safety | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | double_blind | industry | 2025 | age 18 to 75; BMI 27 to below 50 with comorbidity if below 30; HbA1c below 6.5 |
| NCT06256562 | 33 | safety | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | double_blind | industry | 2023 | age 18 to 75; BMI 24 to <28 kg/m2 with comorbidity or 28 or more (Chinese criteria); no diabetes |
| NCT04838405 | 24 | randomized | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | double_blind | industry | 2021 | age 18 to 65, BMI 25 or more (30 or more in cohorts 7 and 8), no diabetes |
| S002970 | 26.07 | randomized | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | double_blind | non_industry | 2019 | age 20 to 75; BMI 27 to 40; impaired glucose tolerance by OGTT; no diabetes |
| NCT04855292 | 14 | safety | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | double_blind | industry | 2021 | age 18 to 75; BMI 26 or more; weight 60 kg or more; HbA1c below 6.5; no diabetes |
| S003067 | 52 | randomized | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | double_blind | industry | 2007 | age 18 to 65; BMI 30 to 40; FPG below 7 mmol/L; no diabetes |
Trial data
What each trial contributes. Arm rows give the arm value with its standard error, or events over participants; contrast rows give the hazard ratio (from event counts) on the analysis scale (log) against the trial's first row. Flags mark converted, combined or approximated inputs.
| Trial | Arm | Treatment | Week | Data | Value | SE | Events / N | Flags | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TOGETHER-PsO | A1 | STANDARD_CARE | 36 | arm, events | 2 / 134 | printed_denominator | R0014237:Table 3 | ||
| TOGETHER-PsO | A2 | TIRZ_SC | 36 | arm, events | 12 / 138 | printed_denominator | R0014237:Table 3 | ||
| NCT04081337 | A1 | PLACEBO | 22 | arm, events | 3 / 28 | R0004227:Supplement Table S1 | |||
| NCT04081337 | A2 | TIRZ_SC | 22 | arm, events | 7 / 27 | R0004227:Supplement Table S1 | |||
| SURMOUNT-5 | A1 | TIRZ_SC | 72 | arm, events | 56 / 375 | nonserious_only | registry:adverse_events | ||
| SURMOUNT-5 | A2 | SEMA_SC | 72 | arm, events | 80 / 376 | nonserious_only | registry:adverse_events | ||
| STEP 1 | A1 | SEMA_SC | 75 | arm, events | 324 / 1,306 | R0023399:Table 3 | |||
| STEP 1 | A2 | PLACEBO | 75 | arm, events | 43 / 655 | R0023399:Table 3 | |||
| STEP 5 | A1 | SEMA_SC | 111 | arm, events | 46 / 152 | R0021896:Table 3 | |||
| STEP 5 | A2 | PLACEBO | 111 | arm, events | 7 / 152 | R0021896:Table 3 | |||
| NCT04707313 | A11+A12+A13 | DANU_PO | 37 | arm, events | 34 / 110 | arms_combined | R0005921:Table 2 | ||
| NCT04707313 | A2 | PLACEBO | 37 | arm, events | 1 / 19 | R0005921:Table 2 | |||
| NCT04311411 | A1 | PLACEBO | 10 | arm, events | 1 / 39 | nonserious_only | registry:adverse_events | ||
| NCT04311411 | A2 | LIRA_SC | 10 | arm, events | 4 / 38 | nonserious_only | registry:adverse_events | ||
| NCT04311411 | A3 | TIRZ_SC | 10 | arm, events | 11 / 37 | nonserious_only | registry:adverse_events | ||
| NCT03041792 | A1 | LIRA_SC | 10.43 | arm, events | 6 / 32 | R0023522:Table 2 | |||
| NCT03041792 | A2 | PLACEBO | 10.43 | arm, events | 0 / 29 | R0023522:Table 2 | |||
| BARI-STEP | A1 | PLACEBO | 74 | arm, events | 6 / 35 | R0014003:Table 3 | |||
| BARI-STEP | A2 | SEMA_SC | 74 | arm, events | 10 / 35 | R0014003:Table 3 | |||
| NCT05579977 | A1+A8 | PLACEBO | 28 | arm, events | 2 / 139 | arms_combined | R0004106:Table 2 | ||
| NCT05579977 | A10+A11+A12+A13+A2+A3+A4+A5+A6+A9 | LOTI_PO | 28 | arm, events | 114 / 690 | arms_combined | R0004106:Table 2 | ||
| NCT05579977 | A7 | SEMA_PO | 28 | arm, events | 6 / 73 | R0004106:Table 2 | |||
| BARIOPTIMISE | A1 | PLACEBO | 28 | arm, events | 1 / 35 | R0017334:Table 3 | |||
| BARIOPTIMISE | A2 | LIRA_SC | 28 | arm, events | 1 / 35 | R0017334:Table 3 | |||
| NCT00500370 | A1 | EXEN_SC | 28 | arm, events | 6 / 80 | nonserious_only | registry:adverse_events | ||
| NCT00500370 | A2 | PLACEBO | 28 | arm, events | 1 / 83 | nonserious_only | registry:adverse_events | ||
| VENTURE | A1 | PLACEBO | 19 | arm, events | 0 / 35 | R0011224:Table 3 | |||
| VENTURE | A2+A3+A4+A5 | VK2735_SC | 19 | arm, events | 25 / 141 | arms_combined | R0011224:Table 3 | ||
| NCT05616013 | A3 | OTHER_ACTIVE_bimagrumab | 104 | arm, events | 3 / 57 | nonserious_only | registry:adverse_events | ||
| NCT05616013 | A4+A5 | SEMA_SC | 104 | arm, events | 16 / 113 | nonserious_only;arms_combined | registry:adverse_events | ||
| NCT05616013 | A6+A7+A8+A9 | BIMASEMA_SC | 104 | arm, events | 31 / 225 | nonserious_only;arms_combined | registry:adverse_events | ||
| NCT02075281 | A1 | PLACEBO | 26 | arm, events | 4 / 60 | R0011218:Table 3 | |||
| NCT02075281 | A2+A3+A4+A5 | EFPE_SC | 26 | arm, events | 55 / 237 | arms_combined | R0011218:Table 3 | ||
| STEP 10 | A1 | SEMA_SC | 57 | arm, events | 16 / 138 | nonserious_only | registry:adverse_events | ||
| STEP 10 | A2 | PLACEBO | 57 | arm, events | 1 / 69 | nonserious_only | registry:adverse_events | ||
| NCT02160990 | A1 | PLACEBO | 4.29 | arm, events | 0 / 10 | R0020690:Results | |||
| NCT02160990 | A2 | EXEN_SC | 4.29 | arm, events | 0 / 10 | R0020690:Results | |||
| ACCESS | A1+A2+A3 | ALENIG_PO | 36 | arm, events | 67 / 174 | arms_combined | R0000892:Table 2 | ||
| ACCESS | A4 | PLACEBO | 36 | arm, events | 3 / 56 | R0000892:Table 2 | |||
| NCT01590433 | A1 | EXEN_SC | 52 | arm, events | 16 / 127 | nonserious_only | registry:adverse_events | ||
| NCT01590433 | A2 | PLACEBO | 52 | arm, events | 1 / 55 | nonserious_only | registry:adverse_events | ||
| STEP 3 | A1 | SEMA_SC | 75 | arm, events | 111 / 407 | nonserious_only | registry:adverse_events | ||
| STEP 3 | A2 | PLACEBO | 75 | arm, events | 22 / 204 | nonserious_only | registry:adverse_events | ||
| NCT03842202 | A1 | SEMA_SC | 27 | arm, events | 8 / 36 | R0023297:Supplement Table S3 | |||
| NCT03842202 | A2 | PLACEBO | 27 | arm, events | 1 / 36 | R0023297:Supplement Table S3 | |||
| SURMOUNT-1 | A1 | PLACEBO | 193 | arm, events | 12 / 643 | nonserious_only | registry:adverse_events | ||
| SURMOUNT-1 | A2+A3+A4 | TIRZ_SC | 193 | arm, events | 213 / 1,896 | nonserious_only;arms_combined | registry:adverse_events | ||
| SURMOUNT-CN | A1+A2 | TIRZ_SC | 56 | arm, events | 22 / 141 | nonserious_only;arms_combined | registry:adverse_events | ||
| SURMOUNT-CN | A3 | PLACEBO | 56 | arm, events | 3 / 69 | nonserious_only | registry:adverse_events | ||
| NCT04478708 | A10+A11+A14+A9 | MARI_SC | 29.43 | arm, events | 22 / 30 | printed_denominator;nonserious_only;printed_denominator;arms_combined | R0006305:Table 2 | ||
| NCT04478708 | A15+A8 | PLACEBO | 29.43 | arm, events | 0 / 9 | nonserious_only;printed_denominator;printed_denominator;arms_combined | registry:adverse_events | ||
| NCT04904913 | A1+A2+A3 | MAZD_SC | 36 | arm, events | 38 / 186 | arms_combined | R0016107:Table 4 | ||
| NCT04904913 | A4 | PLACEBO | 36 | arm, events | 2 / 62 | R0016107:Table 4 | |||
| Dapalost | A1 | EXENER_SC | 24 | arm, events | 3 / 25 | R0025627:Table 3 | |||
| Dapalost | A2 | PLACEBO | 24 | arm, events | 1 / 25 | R0025627:Table 3 | |||
| NCT00781937 | A1 | LIRA_SC | 57 | arm, events | 35 / 212 | nonserious_only | registry:adverse_events | ||
| NCT00781937 | A2 | PLACEBO | 57 | arm, events | 5 / 210 | nonserious_only | registry:adverse_events | ||
| STEP7 | A1 | SEMA_SC | 51 | arm, events | 21 / 249 | nonserious_only | registry:adverse_events | ||
| STEP7 | A2 | PLACEBO | 51 | arm, events | 0 / 126 | nonserious_only | registry:adverse_events | ||
| STABLE Wt Loss | A1 | SEMA_SC | 60 | arm, events | 25 / 72 | R0013679:Table 4 | |||
| STABLE Wt Loss | A2 | PLACEBO | 60 | arm, events | 3 / 48 | R0013679:Table 4 | |||
| NCT00422058 | A1 | PLACEBO | 52 | arm, events | 2 / 98 | R0026705:Table 2 | |||
| NCT00422058 | A2+A3+A4+A5 | LIRA_SC | 52 | arm, events | 40 / 371 | arms_combined | R0026705:Table 2 | ||
| NCT00422058 | A6 | ORLISTAT | 52 | arm, events | 2 / 95 | R0026705:Table 2 | |||
| OASIS 1 | A1 | SEMA_PO | 75 | arm, events | 80 / 334 | nonserious_only | registry:adverse_events | ||
| OASIS 1 | A2 | PLACEBO | 75 | arm, events | 12 / 333 | nonserious_only | registry:adverse_events | ||
| NCT03856047 | A1+A2+A3+A4+A5 | OTHER_ACTIVE_cagrilintide | 26 | arm, events | 34 / 506 | arms_combined | R0017871:Table 3 | ||
| NCT03856047 | A6 | LIRA_SC | 26 | arm, events | 20 / 99 | R0017871:Table 3 | |||
| NCT03856047 | A7 | PLACEBO | 26 | arm, events | 3 / 101 | R0017871:Table 3 | |||
| NCT05623839 | A1 | PLACEBO | 27 | arm, events | 0 / 8 | R0013210:Supplement Table S2 | |||
| NCT05623839 | A2+A3 | MAZD_SC | 27 | arm, events | 13 / 24 | arms_combined | R0013210:Supplement Table S2 | ||
| STEP 8 | A1 | SEMA_SC | 75 | arm, events | 32 / 126 | nonserious_only | registry:adverse_events | ||
| STEP 8 | A2 | LIRA_SC | 75 | arm, events | 26 / 127 | nonserious_only | registry:adverse_events | ||
| STEP 8 | A3 | PLACEBO | 75 | arm, events | 5 / 85 | nonserious_only | registry:adverse_events | ||
| NCT04881760 | A1 | PLACEBO | 52 | arm, events | 1 / 70 | nonserious_only | registry:adverse_events | ||
| NCT04881760 | A2+A3+A4+A5+A6+A7 | RETA_SC | 52 | arm, events | 33 / 268 | nonserious_only;arms_combined | registry:adverse_events | ||
| STRIVE | A1 | STANDARD_CARE | 104 | arm, events | 1 / 132 | R0020855:Table 4 | |||
| STRIVE | A2 | LIRA_SC | 104 | arm, events | 37 / 260 | R0020855:Table 4 | |||
| ATTAIN-1 | A1 | PLACEBO | 74 | arm, events | 33 / 949 | nonserious_only | registry:adverse_events | ||
| ATTAIN-1 | A2+A3+A4 | ORFO_PO | 74 | arm, events | 424 / 2,178 | nonserious_only;arms_combined | registry:adverse_events | ||
| TOGETHER-PsA | A1 | STANDARD_CARE | 36 | arm, events | 1 / 132 | printed_denominator | R0018951:Table 3 | ||
| TOGETHER-PsA | A2 | TIRZ_SC | 36 | arm, events | 15 / 138 | printed_denominator | R0018951:Table 3 | ||
| DREAM | A1 | PLACEBO | 16 | arm, events | 2 / 18 | R0011013:Table 3 | |||
| DREAM | A2+A3 | DAPIGL_SC | 16 | arm, events | 4 / 36 | arms_combined | R0011013:Table 3 | ||
| STEP 6 | A1+A2 | SEMA_SC | 75 | arm, events | 27 / 300 | nonserious_only;arms_combined | registry:adverse_events | ||
| STEP 6 | A3 | PLACEBO | 75 | arm, events | 2 / 101 | nonserious_only | registry:adverse_events | ||
| SURMOUNT-3 | A1 | TIRZ_SC | 76 | arm, events | 52 / 287 | R0007405:Table 3 | |||
| SURMOUNT-3 | A2 | PLACEBO | 76 | arm, events | 4 / 292 | R0007405:Table 3 | |||
| NCT06250946 | A1 | PLACEBO | 36 | arm, events | 1 / 46 | R0001289:Table 6 | |||
| NCT06250946 | A2+A3+A4+A5 | HRS7535_PO | 36 | arm, events | 62 / 189 | arms_combined | R0001289:Table 6 | ||
| NCT01557166 | A1 | LIRA_SC | 34 | arm, events | 13 / 180 | R0026203:Table 2 | |||
| NCT01557166 | A2 | PLACEBO | 34 | arm, events | 5 / 179 | R0026203:Table 2 | |||
| NCT02453711 | A1+A2+A3+A4+A5+A6+A7 | SEMA_SC | 59 | arm, events | 122 / 718 | nonserious_only;arms_combined | registry:adverse_events | ||
| NCT02453711 | A8 | LIRA_SC | 59 | arm, events | 11 / 103 | nonserious_only | registry:adverse_events | ||
| NCT02453711 | A9 | PLACEBO | 59 | arm, events | 6 / 136 | nonserious_only | registry:adverse_events | ||
| NCT05051579 | A1+A2+A3+A4+A5+A6 | ORFO_PO | 38 | arm, events | 59 / 222 | nonserious_only;arms_combined | registry:adverse_events | ||
| NCT05051579 | A7 | PLACEBO | 38 | arm, events | 3 / 50 | nonserious_only | registry:adverse_events | ||
| NCT06569355 | A1+A2+A3+A4 | VCT220_PO | 18 | arm, events | 53 / 189 | arms_combined | R0001121:Table 3 | ||
| NCT06569355 | A5 | PLACEBO | 18 | arm, events | 5 / 61 | R0001121:Table 3 | |||
| FALCON | A1 | PLACEBO | 16 | arm, events | 0 / 33 | R0004304:Table 2 | |||
| FALCON | A2+A3+A4+A5 | TERN60_PO | 16 | arm, events | 36 / 134 | arms_combined | R0004304:Table 2 | ||
| NCT06256562 | A1+A2+A3+A4+A5 | BOFANG_SC | 33 | arm, events | 120 / 274 | arms_combined | R0002409:Table 3 | ||
| NCT06256562 | A6 | PLACEBO | 33 | arm, events | 8 / 66 | R0002409:Table 3 | |||
| NCT04838405 | A1 | PLACEBO | 24 | arm, events | 0 / 10 | R0007991:Table 2 | |||
| NCT04838405 | A2+A3+A4+A5+A6 | CT388_SC | 24 | arm, events | 7 / 30 | arms_combined | R0007991:Table 2 | ||
| S002970 | A1 | LIFESTYLE | 26.07 | arm, events | 0 / 22 | R0008860:Supplementary Table SI | |||
| S002970 | A2 | LIRA_SC | 26.07 | arm, events | 0 / 17 | R0008860:Supplementary Table SI | |||
| NCT04855292 | A1+A2+A3 | TG103_SC | 14 | arm, events | 12 / 36 | arms_combined | R0022276:Table 2 | ||
| NCT04855292 | A4 | PLACEBO | 14 | arm, events | 0 / 12 | R0022276:Table 2 | |||
| S003067 | A1 | PLACEBO | 52 | arm, events | 2 / 98 | R0025439:Table 2 | |||
| S003067 | A2+A3+A4+A5 | LIRA_SC | 52 | arm, events | 40 / 371 | arms_combined | R0025439:Table 2 | ||
| S003067 | A6 | ORLISTAT | 52 | arm, events | 2 / 95 | R0025439:Table 2 |
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