LivingGLP1
Network meta-analysis

Nausea

Overweight or obesity without diabetes (adults)

longest follow-upRecorded harmsDoses of a drug pooledHazard ratio (from event counts)
57
Randomized trials
31
Treatments
22,077
Participants
6,895
Events

In plain language

Across 57 trials with 22,077 participants, 1 of 30 treatments had a clearly better result than placebo on nausea, 21 a clearly worse one, and for 8 the evidence could not tell them apart from placebo. The most favorable estimate was for Sitagliptin: hazard ratio (from event counts) 0.14 (95% credible interval 0.00 to 1.77).

Lower values favor the treatment. "Clearly" means the 95% credible interval excludes no difference. These are averages across trials; they do not say how any one person will respond. Not medical advice.

Network of trials

Each circle is a treatment; each line joins treatments that were randomized against each other in at least one trial.
ALENIG_POBIMASEMA_SCBOFANG_SCCT388_SCDANU_PODAPIGL_SCEFPE_SCEXENER_SCEXEN_SCHRS7535_POLIFESTYLELIRA_SCLOTI_POMARI_SCMAZD_SCORFO_POORLISTATOTHER_ACTIVE_bimagrumabOTHER_ACTIVE_botulinum_toxinOTHER_ACTIVE_cagrilintidePLACEBORETA_SCSEMA_POSEMA_SCSITAGLIPTINSTANDARD_CARETERN60_POTG103_SCTIRZ_SCVCT220_POVK2735_SC
Node area shows participants; line width shows trials comparing two treatments directly. Blue: GLP-1 receptor agonist containing treatments; grey: comparators. Hover over or tab to a node or line for details.

Effects compared with Placebo

Hazard ratio (from event counts). Lower values favor the treatment.
0.010.020.050.10.20.250.51245102050100← favors treatmentfavors reference →SitagliptinStandard care or no added treatm…Botulinum toxinOrlistatLifestyle intervention (randomiz…BimagrumabDapigl scCt388 scExenatide extended release injec…Vk2735 scCagrilintideRetatrutide injectionSemaglutide injectionTirzepatide injectionBimasema scSemaglutide tabletLiraglutide injectionOrforglipron tabletEfpe scExenatide injectionAlenig poBofanglutide (GZR18) injectionVct220 poDanuglipron tabletMari scTern60 poLoti poHRS-7535 tabletMazdutide injectionTg103 sc
Versus Placebo, log scale. Blue: Bayesian random effects posterior median with 95% credible interval (thick) and 95% prediction interval (dashed). Amber diamond: frequentist estimate with 95% confidence interval. Hover over or tab to a row for its values.
Effects of each treatment versus Placebo
TreatmentBayesian HR (95% CrI)95% prediction intervalFrequentist HR (95% CI)Verdict
Sitagliptin
SITAGLIPTIN
0.14 (0.00 to 1.77)0.00 to 1.82Unclear
Standard care or no added treatment
STANDARD_CARE
0.19 (0.08 to 0.36)0.08 to 0.39Better
Botulinum toxin
OTHER_ACTIVE_botulinum_toxin
0.33 (0.01 to 10.44)0.00 to 10.51Unclear
Orlistat
ORLISTAT
0.68 (0.37 to 1.19)0.34 to 1.29Unclear
Lifestyle intervention (randomized arm)
LIFESTYLE
0.69 (0.11 to 2.58)0.11 to 2.69Unclear
Bimagrumab
OTHER_ACTIVE_bimagrumab
0.86 (0.36 to 1.87)0.35 to 2.00Unclear
Dapigl sc
DAPIGL_SC
1.67 (0.70 to 4.53)0.67 to 4.72Unclear
Ct388 sc
CT388_SC
2.16 (0.38 to 19.74)0.37 to 20.03Unclear
Exenatide extended release injection
EXENER_SC
2.47 (0.69 to 11.03)0.65 to 11.29Unclear
Vk2735 sc
VK2735_SC
2.51 (1.17 to 6.30)1.11 to 6.62Worse
Cagrilintide
OTHER_ACTIVE_cagrilintide
2.57 (1.71 to 3.95)1.56 to 4.38Worse
Retatrutide injection
RETA_SC
3.04 (1.51 to 7.00)1.42 to 7.41Worse
Semaglutide injection
SEMA_SC
3.59 (3.10 to 4.28)2.61 to 5.20Worse
Tirzepatide injection
TIRZ_SC
3.64 (2.97 to 4.65)2.57 to 5.48Worse
Bimasema sc
BIMASEMA_SC
3.68 (2.28 to 5.98)2.15 to 6.56Worse
Semaglutide tablet
SEMA_PO
3.70 (2.45 to 5.34)2.23 to 5.84Worse
Liraglutide injection
LIRA_SC
3.76 (3.13 to 4.59)2.69 to 5.48Worse
Orforglipron tablet
ORFO_PO
3.85 (2.85 to 5.45)2.53 to 6.18Worse
Efpe sc
EFPE_SC
3.94 (2.08 to 8.17)1.96 to 8.68Worse
Exenatide injection
EXEN_SC
4.52 (2.65 to 7.91)2.49 to 8.51Worse
Alenig po
ALENIG_PO
4.59 (2.43 to 9.16)2.27 to 9.69Worse
Bofanglutide (GZR18) injection
BOFANG_SC
6.58 (2.99 to 16.99)2.83 to 17.71Worse
Vct220 po
VCT220_PO
6.80 (2.96 to 19.15)2.85 to 20.04Worse
Danuglipron tablet
DANU_PO
7.74 (2.39 to 36.56)2.31 to 37.06Worse
Mari sc
MARI_SC
8.17 (1.89 to 65.90)1.82 to 67.09Worse
Tern60 po
TERN60_PO
8.26 (3.06 to 30.51)2.92 to 30.97Worse
Loti po
LOTI_PO
8.35 (4.71 to 14.89)4.37 to 15.75Worse
HRS-7535 tablet
HRS7535_PO
9.70 (3.04 to 46.72)2.99 to 47.87Worse
Mazdutide injection
MAZD_SC
10.02 (3.92 to 34.90)3.70 to 36.21Worse
Tg103 sc
TG103_SC
23.81 (3.32 to 388)3.28 to 383Worse

Ranking

How likely each treatment is to be among the best. Rankings ignore the size of differences and their certainty, so read them with the effects above.

League table

Every treatment against every other: hazard ratio (from event counts) of the row treatment versus the column treatment, posterior median and 95% credible interval. Green: row clearly better; red: row clearly worse.
Every treatment in a row compared with every treatment in a column
Row versus columnPLACEBOSITAGLIPTINSTANDARD_CAREOTHER_ACTIVE_botulinum_toxinORLISTATLIFESTYLEOTHER_ACTIVE_bimagrumabDAPIGL_SCCT388_SCEXENER_SCVK2735_SCOTHER_ACTIVE_cagrilintideRETA_SCSEMA_SCTIRZ_SCBIMASEMA_SCSEMA_POLIRA_SCORFO_POEFPE_SCEXEN_SCALENIG_POBOFANG_SCVCT220_PODANU_POMARI_SCTERN60_POLOTI_POHRS7535_POMAZD_SCTG103_SC
PLACEBOPLACEBO7.08
0.57 to 331
5.35
2.74 to 12.08
2.99
0.10 to 198
1.47
0.84 to 2.73
1.45
0.39 to 9.45
1.16
0.53 to 2.78
0.60
0.22 to 1.43
0.46
0.05 to 2.65
0.41
0.09 to 1.45
0.40
0.16 to 0.85
0.39
0.25 to 0.59
0.33
0.14 to 0.66
0.28
0.23 to 0.32
0.27
0.22 to 0.34
0.27
0.17 to 0.44
0.27
0.19 to 0.41
0.27
0.22 to 0.32
0.26
0.18 to 0.35
0.25
0.12 to 0.48
0.22
0.13 to 0.38
0.22
0.11 to 0.41
0.15
0.06 to 0.33
0.15
0.05 to 0.34
0.13
0.03 to 0.42
0.12
0.02 to 0.53
0.12
0.03 to 0.33
0.12
0.07 to 0.21
0.10
0.02 to 0.33
0.10
0.03 to 0.25
0.04
0.00 to 0.30
SITAGLIPTIN0.14
0.00 to 1.77
SITAGLIPTIN0.77
0.02 to 11.12
0.40
0.00 to 64.13
0.21
0.00 to 2.90
0.21
0.00 to 4.42
0.16
0.00 to 2.57
0.08
0.00 to 1.25
0.06
0.00 to 1.65
0.05
0.00 to 1.04
0.05
0.00 to 0.83
0.05
0.00 to 0.72
0.04
0.00 to 0.68
0.04
0.00 to 0.49
0.04
0.00 to 0.49
0.04
0.00 to 0.53
0.04
0.00 to 0.51
0.04
0.00 to 0.46
0.04
0.00 to 0.47
0.04
0.00 to 0.51
0.03
0.00 to 0.42
0.03
0.00 to 0.43
0.02
0.00 to 0.31
0.02
0.00 to 0.30
0.02
0.00 to 0.31
0.02
0.00 to 0.35
0.02
0.00 to 0.27
0.02
0.00 to 0.23
0.01
0.00 to 0.25
0.01
0.00 to 0.22
0.01
0.00 to 0.18
STANDARD_CARE0.19
0.08 to 0.36
1.31
0.09 to 66.26
STANDARD_CARE0.54
0.02 to 41.20
0.28
0.10 to 0.67
0.27
0.06 to 1.92
0.21
0.07 to 0.65
0.11
0.03 to 0.33
0.08
0.01 to 0.56
0.07
0.01 to 0.32
0.07
0.02 to 0.21
0.07
0.03 to 0.16
0.06
0.02 to 0.16
0.05
0.02 to 0.10
0.05
0.02 to 0.10
0.05
0.02 to 0.11
0.05
0.02 to 0.11
0.05
0.02 to 0.10
0.05
0.02 to 0.10
0.05
0.02 to 0.12
0.04
0.02 to 0.10
0.04
0.01 to 0.11
0.03
0.01 to 0.08
0.03
0.01 to 0.08
0.02
0.00 to 0.09
0.02
0.00 to 0.11
0.02
0.01 to 0.08
0.02
0.01 to 0.05
0.02
0.00 to 0.07
0.02
0.00 to 0.06
0.01
0.00 to 0.06
OTHER_ACTIVE_botulinum_toxin0.33
0.01 to 10.44
2.53
0.02 to 371
1.85
0.02 to 59.43
OTHER_ACTIVE_botulinum_toxin0.51
0.01 to 15.47
0.52
0.01 to 23.86
0.39
0.01 to 12.45
0.19
0.00 to 6.57
0.14
0.00 to 7.25
0.13
0.00 to 5.16
0.13
0.00 to 4.45
0.13
0.00 to 4.19
0.11
0.00 to 3.52
0.09
0.00 to 2.83
0.09
0.00 to 2.82
0.09
0.00 to 2.69
0.09
0.00 to 2.88
0.09
0.00 to 2.77
0.09
0.00 to 2.65
0.08
0.00 to 2.86
0.07
0.00 to 2.33
0.07
0.00 to 2.43
0.05
0.00 to 1.66
0.05
0.00 to 1.72
0.04
0.00 to 1.65
0.04
0.00 to 1.69
0.04
0.00 to 1.46
0.04
0.00 to 1.26
0.03
0.00 to 1.27
0.03
0.00 to 1.11
0.01
0.00 to 0.73
ORLISTAT0.68
0.37 to 1.19
4.71
0.34 to 221
3.63
1.49 to 9.58
1.97
0.06 to 143
ORLISTAT1.00
0.23 to 6.79
0.78
0.30 to 2.19
0.40
0.13 to 1.14
0.31
0.03 to 1.99
0.27
0.05 to 1.15
0.27
0.09 to 0.71
0.26
0.13 to 0.51
0.22
0.08 to 0.55
0.19
0.10 to 0.33
0.18
0.10 to 0.33
0.18
0.09 to 0.39
0.18
0.09 to 0.36
0.18
0.10 to 0.31
0.17
0.09 to 0.33
0.17
0.07 to 0.40
0.15
0.07 to 0.32
0.15
0.06 to 0.35
0.10
0.03 to 0.27
0.10
0.03 to 0.27
0.09
0.02 to 0.32
0.08
0.01 to 0.40
0.08
0.02 to 0.26
0.08
0.03 to 0.18
0.07
0.01 to 0.26
0.07
0.02 to 0.21
0.03
0.00 to 0.22
LIFESTYLE0.69
0.11 to 2.58
4.77
0.23 to 260
3.69
0.52 to 17.35
1.94
0.04 to 181
1.00
0.15 to 4.32
LIFESTYLE0.78
0.11 to 3.95
0.40
0.05 to 1.93
0.29
0.02 to 3.07
0.27
0.03 to 1.70
0.26
0.04 to 1.29
0.27
0.04 to 1.04
0.22
0.03 to 1.03
0.19
0.03 to 0.73
0.19
0.03 to 0.72
0.19
0.03 to 0.76
0.19
0.03 to 0.78
0.18
0.03 to 0.69
0.17
0.03 to 0.68
0.17
0.02 to 0.76
0.15
0.02 to 0.63
0.15
0.02 to 0.66
0.10
0.01 to 0.49
0.10
0.01 to 0.50
0.08
0.01 to 0.57
0.08
0.01 to 0.63
0.08
0.01 to 0.45
0.08
0.01 to 0.36
0.07
0.01 to 0.44
0.06
0.01 to 0.35
0.03
0.00 to 0.33
OTHER_ACTIVE_bimagrumab0.86
0.36 to 1.87
6.10
0.39 to 304
4.68
1.53 to 13.87
2.54
0.08 to 178
1.29
0.46 to 3.35
1.29
0.25 to 9.24
OTHER_ACTIVE_bimagrumab0.52
0.14 to 1.66
0.39
0.04 to 2.84
0.34
0.06 to 1.62
0.34
0.10 to 1.05
0.33
0.13 to 0.81
0.28
0.09 to 0.84
0.24
0.10 to 0.51
0.24
0.10 to 0.52
0.24
0.10 to 0.48
0.23
0.09 to 0.57
0.23
0.09 to 0.51
0.22
0.09 to 0.52
0.22
0.07 to 0.61
0.19
0.07 to 0.49
0.19
0.06 to 0.51
0.13
0.04 to 0.40
0.13
0.03 to 0.41
0.11
0.02 to 0.47
0.10
0.01 to 0.55
0.10
0.02 to 0.37
0.10
0.04 to 0.27
0.09
0.01 to 0.35
0.08
0.02 to 0.30
0.03
0.00 to 0.32
DAPIGL_SC1.67
0.70 to 4.53
12.27
0.80 to 612
9.09
3.04 to 32.39
5.16
0.15 to 374
2.48
0.88 to 7.85
2.51
0.52 to 19.27
1.94
0.60 to 7.30
DAPIGL_SC0.78
0.07 to 5.94
0.68
0.12 to 3.62
0.67
0.19 to 2.34
0.65
0.25 to 1.92
0.55
0.16 to 1.86
0.46
0.19 to 1.29
0.46
0.19 to 1.27
0.46
0.17 to 1.38
0.45
0.18 to 1.33
0.44
0.18 to 1.23
0.43
0.17 to 1.23
0.42
0.14 to 1.40
0.37
0.13 to 1.14
0.36
0.12 to 1.20
0.26
0.07 to 0.91
0.24
0.07 to 0.89
0.22
0.04 to 0.99
0.20
0.02 to 1.24
0.20
0.04 to 0.84
0.20
0.07 to 0.62
0.17
0.03 to 0.79
0.17
0.04 to 0.66
0.07
0.00 to 0.67
CT388_SC2.16
0.38 to 19.74
17.06
0.60 to 1270
11.77
1.77 to 124
7.10
0.14 to 780
3.21
0.50 to 31.64
3.41
0.33 to 58.35
2.54
0.35 to 26.83
1.28
0.17 to 14.06
CT388_SC0.87
0.09 to 11.51
0.85
0.12 to 8.58
0.84
0.14 to 8.00
0.70
0.10 to 7.14
0.60
0.10 to 5.42
0.59
0.10 to 5.35
0.59
0.10 to 5.47
0.59
0.10 to 5.42
0.58
0.10 to 5.18
0.56
0.09 to 5.09
0.54
0.08 to 5.42
0.47
0.07 to 4.71
0.47
0.07 to 4.62
0.33
0.04 to 3.53
0.31
0.04 to 3.20
0.28
0.03 to 3.53
0.25
0.02 to 3.70
0.26
0.03 to 2.88
0.26
0.04 to 2.50
0.22
0.02 to 2.91
0.21
0.02 to 2.43
0.09
0.00 to 1.82
EXENER_SC2.47
0.69 to 11.03
18.65
0.96 to 953
13.58
3.10 to 71.83
7.46
0.19 to 633
3.72
0.87 to 18.44
3.72
0.59 to 39.67
2.92
0.62 to 15.89
1.47
0.28 to 8.17
1.15
0.09 to 10.73
EXENER_SC0.99
0.21 to 5.08
0.96
0.24 to 4.58
0.81
0.17 to 4.13
0.68
0.19 to 3.02
0.67
0.18 to 3.04
0.67
0.17 to 3.21
0.67
0.18 to 3.14
0.65
0.18 to 2.97
0.64
0.17 to 2.90
0.63
0.14 to 3.03
0.55
0.13 to 2.61
0.54
0.12 to 2.66
0.37
0.07 to 1.98
0.36
0.07 to 1.96
0.32
0.04 to 2.10
0.30
0.03 to 2.36
0.29
0.05 to 1.79
0.29
0.07 to 1.45
0.25
0.03 to 1.59
0.24
0.04 to 1.45
0.10
0.00 to 1.32
VK2735_SC2.51
1.17 to 6.30
18.54
1.21 to 911
13.87
4.80 to 43.57
7.68
0.22 to 567
3.75
1.40 to 11.31
3.85
0.78 to 28.38
2.94
0.96 to 10.44
1.49
0.43 to 5.33
1.17
0.12 to 8.36
1.01
0.20 to 4.80
VK2735_SC0.97
0.41 to 2.68
0.82
0.27 to 2.63
0.70
0.32 to 1.77
0.69
0.30 to 1.77
0.68
0.27 to 1.88
0.68
0.30 to 1.84
0.67
0.30 to 1.68
0.65
0.28 to 1.72
0.63
0.22 to 1.93
0.56
0.21 to 1.57
0.55
0.19 to 1.59
0.38
0.12 to 1.29
0.37
0.10 to 1.26
0.33
0.06 to 1.48
0.30
0.03 to 1.65
0.30
0.07 to 1.21
0.30
0.11 to 0.88
0.26
0.05 to 1.06
0.25
0.06 to 0.94
0.11
0.01 to 0.92
OTHER_ACTIVE_cagrilintide2.57
1.71 to 3.95
18.29
1.38 to 867
13.85
6.22 to 34.12
7.66
0.24 to 537
3.82
1.94 to 7.76
3.76
0.96 to 24.66
2.99
1.23 to 7.73
1.54
0.52 to 3.95
1.19
0.12 to 7.32
1.04
0.22 to 4.12
1.03
0.37 to 2.44
OTHER_ACTIVE_cagrilintide0.84
0.33 to 1.91
0.72
0.46 to 1.10
0.71
0.44 to 1.11
0.70
0.37 to 1.29
0.70
0.40 to 1.27
0.69
0.45 to 1.03
0.67
0.39 to 1.12
0.65
0.28 to 1.38
0.57
0.29 to 1.12
0.56
0.25 to 1.22
0.39
0.14 to 0.96
0.38
0.13 to 0.95
0.33
0.07 to 1.18
0.31
0.04 to 1.51
0.31
0.08 to 0.92
0.31
0.15 to 0.62
0.27
0.05 to 0.91
0.26
0.07 to 0.71
0.11
0.01 to 0.80
RETA_SC3.04
1.51 to 7.00
22.33
1.47 to 1123
16.50
6.17 to 52.98
9.06
0.28 to 682
4.56
1.81 to 12.52
4.56
0.97 to 34.05
3.58
1.20 to 11.67
1.83
0.54 to 6.08
1.43
0.14 to 9.91
1.24
0.24 to 5.83
1.22
0.38 to 3.72
1.19
0.52 to 3.01
RETA_SC0.84
0.41 to 1.97
0.83
0.39 to 1.98
0.83
0.35 to 2.18
0.82
0.37 to 2.10
0.81
0.39 to 1.89
0.79
0.37 to 1.89
0.77
0.29 to 2.18
0.68
0.27 to 1.82
0.67
0.24 to 1.86
0.46
0.14 to 1.50
0.45
0.13 to 1.44
0.39
0.07 to 1.65
0.37
0.04 to 2.06
0.37
0.08 to 1.37
0.36
0.15 to 1.01
0.32
0.06 to 1.34
0.30
0.07 to 1.05
0.13
0.01 to 1.09
SEMA_SC3.59
3.10 to 4.28
25.28
2.04 to 1200
19.24
9.78 to 43.54
10.75
0.35 to 700
5.31
2.99 to 10.13
5.24
1.38 to 33.97
4.15
1.96 to 9.90
2.15
0.77 to 5.19
1.67
0.18 to 9.68
1.46
0.33 to 5.24
1.43
0.57 to 3.14
1.40
0.91 to 2.18
1.18
0.51 to 2.44
SEMA_SC0.98
0.77 to 1.25
0.98
0.62 to 1.54
0.97
0.65 to 1.55
0.95
0.78 to 1.18
0.93
0.65 to 1.32
0.91
0.43 to 1.76
0.79
0.45 to 1.39
0.78
0.39 to 1.51
0.54
0.21 to 1.24
0.53
0.19 to 1.25
0.46
0.10 to 1.53
0.44
0.06 to 1.92
0.44
0.12 to 1.19
0.43
0.23 to 0.79
0.37
0.08 to 1.19
0.36
0.10 to 0.93
0.15
0.01 to 1.08
TIRZ_SC3.64
2.97 to 4.65
25.92
2.04 to 1202
19.56
10.07 to 44.32
10.79
0.35 to 736
5.41
2.99 to 10.45
5.35
1.38 to 34.77
4.24
1.91 to 10.37
2.18
0.79 to 5.35
1.70
0.19 to 10.00
1.49
0.33 to 5.46
1.45
0.56 to 3.28
1.42
0.90 to 2.27
1.21
0.51 to 2.57
1.02
0.80 to 1.29
TIRZ_SC0.99
0.59 to 1.66
0.98
0.65 to 1.62
0.97
0.74 to 1.27
0.95
0.64 to 1.38
0.92
0.44 to 1.83
0.81
0.44 to 1.43
0.79
0.39 to 1.56
0.56
0.21 to 1.28
0.54
0.19 to 1.27
0.47
0.10 to 1.58
0.44
0.05 to 1.99
0.44
0.12 to 1.25
0.44
0.24 to 0.82
0.38
0.08 to 1.24
0.36
0.10 to 0.95
0.15
0.01 to 1.10
BIMASEMA_SC3.68
2.28 to 5.98
26.08
1.89 to 1271
19.80
8.78 to 49.01
11.05
0.37 to 752
5.46
2.59 to 11.72
5.38
1.32 to 36.55
4.25
2.07 to 10.02
2.19
0.73 to 5.95
1.71
0.18 to 10.39
1.50
0.31 to 5.94
1.47
0.53 to 3.64
1.43
0.78 to 2.68
1.20
0.46 to 2.86
1.03
0.65 to 1.62
1.01
0.60 to 1.69
BIMASEMA_SC0.99
0.56 to 1.89
0.98
0.59 to 1.62
0.95
0.53 to 1.67
0.93
0.39 to 2.08
0.82
0.39 to 1.69
0.80
0.35 to 1.75
0.56
0.20 to 1.42
0.54
0.18 to 1.44
0.47
0.10 to 1.70
0.45
0.05 to 2.10
0.45
0.11 to 1.34
0.44
0.21 to 0.94
0.38
0.07 to 1.34
0.36
0.10 to 1.07
0.15
0.01 to 1.20
SEMA_PO3.70
2.45 to 5.34
26.04
1.97 to 1216
19.83
9.07 to 48.10
10.98
0.35 to 749
5.47
2.74 to 11.16
5.41
1.29 to 35.72
4.30
1.75 to 10.99
2.21
0.75 to 5.61
1.69
0.18 to 10.27
1.49
0.32 to 5.71
1.47
0.54 to 3.37
1.44
0.79 to 2.50
1.22
0.48 to 2.70
1.03
0.65 to 1.54
1.02
0.62 to 1.54
1.01
0.53 to 1.80
SEMA_PO0.98
0.62 to 1.49
0.96
0.55 to 1.56
0.93
0.41 to 1.97
0.82
0.40 to 1.57
0.80
0.35 to 1.68
0.56
0.20 to 1.35
0.54
0.18 to 1.33
0.48
0.10 to 1.62
0.45
0.05 to 2.04
0.44
0.12 to 1.28
0.44
0.25 to 0.74
0.38
0.07 to 1.29
0.37
0.10 to 1.01
0.15
0.01 to 1.15
LIRA_SC3.76
3.13 to 4.59
26.56
2.16 to 1268
20.13
10.24 to 45.45
11.22
0.36 to 747
5.55
3.24 to 10.24
5.52
1.45 to 35.68
4.37
1.98 to 10.58
2.25
0.82 to 5.44
1.74
0.19 to 10.20
1.53
0.34 to 5.64
1.49
0.59 to 3.33
1.46
0.97 to 2.20
1.23
0.53 to 2.56
1.05
0.84 to 1.29
1.03
0.79 to 1.35
1.02
0.62 to 1.68
1.02
0.67 to 1.62
LIRA_SC0.97
0.66 to 1.39
0.95
0.45 to 1.87
0.83
0.46 to 1.46
0.82
0.40 to 1.60
0.57
0.22 to 1.29
0.55
0.19 to 1.30
0.49
0.10 to 1.61
0.46
0.06 to 2.05
0.45
0.12 to 1.28
0.45
0.25 to 0.83
0.39
0.08 to 1.25
0.38
0.11 to 0.98
0.16
0.01 to 1.15
ORFO_PO3.85
2.85 to 5.45
27.51
2.13 to 1293
20.83
9.69 to 49.14
11.70
0.38 to 767
5.74
2.99 to 11.50
5.73
1.46 to 36.76
4.46
1.92 to 11.49
2.31
0.81 to 5.88
1.78
0.20 to 10.57
1.57
0.34 to 6.01
1.53
0.58 to 3.58
1.50
0.90 to 2.58
1.27
0.53 to 2.71
1.07
0.76 to 1.55
1.06
0.73 to 1.56
1.05
0.60 to 1.90
1.04
0.64 to 1.82
1.03
0.72 to 1.50
ORFO_PO0.98
0.45 to 2.03
0.85
0.45 to 1.59
0.84
0.40 to 1.79
0.59
0.21 to 1.41
0.57
0.19 to 1.38
0.50
0.10 to 1.71
0.47
0.06 to 2.10
0.47
0.12 to 1.36
0.46
0.24 to 0.91
0.40
0.08 to 1.32
0.38
0.11 to 1.06
0.16
0.01 to 1.24
EFPE_SC3.94
2.08 to 8.17
28.00
1.94 to 1403
21.47
8.09 to 61.71
11.81
0.35 to 848
5.84
2.50 to 14.95
5.86
1.32 to 42.40
4.62
1.64 to 14.09
2.38
0.72 to 7.12
1.84
0.18 to 12.33
1.59
0.33 to 7.04
1.59
0.52 to 4.45
1.53
0.72 to 3.52
1.30
0.46 to 3.49
1.10
0.57 to 2.32
1.08
0.55 to 2.28
1.08
0.48 to 2.53
1.07
0.51 to 2.47
1.05
0.53 to 2.20
1.03
0.49 to 2.25
EFPE_SC0.88
0.37 to 2.18
0.86
0.34 to 2.27
0.60
0.19 to 1.76
0.58
0.17 to 1.78
0.51
0.10 to 2.03
0.48
0.05 to 2.52
0.48
0.12 to 1.66
0.47
0.20 to 1.20
0.41
0.08 to 1.59
0.39
0.09 to 1.31
0.17
0.01 to 1.36
EXEN_SC4.52
2.65 to 7.91
31.76
2.37 to 1510
24.39
10.10 to 64.46
13.50
0.43 to 972
6.72
3.08 to 15.11
6.73
1.59 to 45.58
5.29
2.03 to 14.51
2.70
0.87 to 7.55
2.11
0.21 to 13.34
1.83
0.38 to 7.63
1.80
0.64 to 4.67
1.76
0.89 to 3.50
1.48
0.55 to 3.75
1.26
0.72 to 2.24
1.24
0.70 to 2.26
1.23
0.59 to 2.54
1.22
0.64 to 2.49
1.20
0.69 to 2.18
1.17
0.63 to 2.21
1.14
0.46 to 2.73
EXEN_SC0.98
0.41 to 2.30
0.69
0.24 to 1.80
0.67
0.21 to 1.83
0.59
0.12 to 2.14
0.54
0.07 to 2.65
0.54
0.14 to 1.71
0.54
0.25 to 1.21
0.46
0.09 to 1.72
0.45
0.12 to 1.34
0.19
0.01 to 1.45
ALENIG_PO4.59
2.43 to 9.16
33.08
2.35 to 1654
24.93
9.50 to 70.03
13.83
0.41 to 1037
6.86
2.88 to 16.99
6.72
1.53 to 49.31
5.38
1.95 to 15.94
2.75
0.84 to 8.41
2.12
0.22 to 14.05
1.85
0.38 to 8.02
1.82
0.63 to 5.24
1.78
0.82 to 3.96
1.50
0.54 to 4.12
1.28
0.66 to 2.58
1.26
0.64 to 2.58
1.25
0.57 to 2.85
1.24
0.60 to 2.86
1.22
0.63 to 2.49
1.19
0.56 to 2.53
1.17
0.44 to 2.97
1.02
0.43 to 2.42
ALENIG_PO0.70
0.23 to 2.00
0.68
0.20 to 2.03
0.60
0.11 to 2.36
0.55
0.06 to 2.87
0.56
0.13 to 1.89
0.55
0.23 to 1.34
0.48
0.09 to 1.82
0.46
0.11 to 1.47
0.19
0.01 to 1.57
BOFANG_SC6.58
2.99 to 16.99
48.37
3.21 to 2279
35.68
12.64 to 119
20.08
0.60 to 1455
9.86
3.72 to 30.42
9.79
2.03 to 74.21
7.72
2.49 to 27.03
3.90
1.10 to 13.85
3.04
0.28 to 23.17
2.68
0.51 to 13.42
2.64
0.78 to 8.66
2.55
1.04 to 7.04
2.16
0.67 to 6.99
1.83
0.81 to 4.73
1.80
0.78 to 4.74
1.80
0.70 to 5.10
1.78
0.74 to 4.95
1.75
0.77 to 4.53
1.71
0.71 to 4.67
1.68
0.57 to 5.20
1.46
0.55 to 4.25
1.43
0.50 to 4.40
BOFANG_SC0.97
0.27 to 3.42
0.86
0.15 to 3.76
0.81
0.09 to 4.41
0.80
0.17 to 3.02
0.79
0.29 to 2.34
0.68
0.12 to 3.03
0.66
0.15 to 2.39
0.28
0.02 to 2.41
VCT220_PO6.80
2.96 to 19.15
50.18
3.29 to 2572
37.33
12.11 to 134
20.55
0.58 to 1611
10.22
3.70 to 32.36
10.36
2.01 to 80.28
7.99
2.44 to 29.15
4.09
1.12 to 15.08
3.18
0.31 to 23.08
2.77
0.51 to 13.76
2.71
0.79 to 9.70
2.64
1.05 to 7.80
2.23
0.69 to 7.71
1.89
0.80 to 5.31
1.86
0.79 to 5.39
1.85
0.69 to 5.69
1.84
0.75 to 5.52
1.81
0.77 to 5.14
1.76
0.72 to 5.17
1.72
0.56 to 5.78
1.50
0.55 to 4.72
1.48
0.49 to 4.97
1.03
0.29 to 3.70
VCT220_PO0.88
0.16 to 4.16
0.84
0.09 to 4.87
0.82
0.18 to 3.45
0.81
0.30 to 2.63
0.70
0.12 to 3.32
0.68
0.15 to 2.78
0.29
0.02 to 2.59
DANU_PO7.74
2.39 to 36.56
58.43
3.24 to 3315
42.14
10.59 to 230
24.42
0.61 to 2215
11.53
3.15 to 60.58
11.81
1.76 to 113
9.06
2.14 to 50.99
4.61
1.01 to 26.35
3.59
0.28 to 37.57
3.13
0.48 to 22.51
3.07
0.67 to 17.26
3.02
0.85 to 14.86
2.53
0.61 to 13.69
2.15
0.65 to 10.10
2.11
0.63 to 10.09
2.12
0.59 to 10.50
2.10
0.62 to 10.18
2.05
0.62 to 9.79
2.01
0.58 to 9.60
1.95
0.49 to 10.19
1.71
0.47 to 8.65
1.67
0.42 to 8.70
1.16
0.27 to 6.46
1.13
0.24 to 6.41
DANU_PO0.94
0.09 to 7.81
0.92
0.16 to 5.76
0.93
0.25 to 4.69
0.80
0.11 to 5.38
0.77
0.14 to 4.64
0.32
0.02 to 4.11
MARI_SC8.17
1.89 to 65.90
64.61
2.82 to 4595
45.11
8.92 to 428
26.63
0.59 to 2658
12.20
2.48 to 109
12.70
1.58 to 180
9.72
1.81 to 91.17
4.97
0.80 to 46.28
3.93
0.27 to 55.49
3.35
0.42 to 35.81
3.29
0.61 to 29.70
3.23
0.66 to 26.44
2.69
0.49 to 24.26
2.28
0.52 to 18.13
2.25
0.50 to 18.56
2.23
0.48 to 18.28
2.23
0.49 to 18.60
2.18
0.49 to 17.72
2.12
0.48 to 17.56
2.09
0.40 to 18.87
1.84
0.38 to 15.38
1.81
0.35 to 15.45
1.24
0.23 to 11.31
1.19
0.21 to 11.37
1.06
0.13 to 11.05
MARI_SC0.99
0.14 to 9.40
0.97
0.20 to 8.48
0.84
0.10 to 9.12
0.82
0.12 to 7.73
0.35
0.01 to 5.90
TERN60_PO8.26
3.06 to 30.51
62.82
3.64 to 3073
45.45
13.16 to 194
25.62
0.68 to 2059
12.43
3.89 to 52.23
12.54
2.20 to 120
9.67
2.68 to 44.95
4.98
1.20 to 22.81
3.91
0.35 to 34.01
3.40
0.56 to 20.26
3.29
0.82 to 14.92
3.24
1.09 to 12.88
2.73
0.73 to 11.92
2.29
0.84 to 8.51
2.26
0.80 to 8.46
2.24
0.74 to 8.76
2.25
0.78 to 8.58
2.21
0.78 to 8.14
2.14
0.73 to 8.19
2.10
0.60 to 8.57
1.84
0.58 to 7.25
1.80
0.53 to 7.68
1.25
0.33 to 5.72
1.22
0.29 to 5.63
1.08
0.17 to 6.07
1.01
0.11 to 6.94
TERN60_PO0.98
0.31 to 4.09
0.86
0.13 to 4.75
0.82
0.16 to 4.01
0.34
0.02 to 3.76
LOTI_PO8.35
4.71 to 14.89
59.27
4.31 to 2699
45.15
18.56 to 117
24.73
0.79 to 1847
12.51
5.47 to 28.67
12.35
2.81 to 87.04
9.78
3.65 to 27.20
5.00
1.62 to 14.32
3.88
0.40 to 24.88
3.39
0.69 to 13.81
3.33
1.14 to 8.85
3.25
1.61 to 6.66
2.75
0.99 to 6.78
2.32
1.27 to 4.26
2.30
1.22 to 4.25
2.27
1.07 to 4.82
2.26
1.36 to 3.99
2.22
1.20 to 4.07
2.17
1.10 to 4.21
2.14
0.84 to 5.06
1.86
0.82 to 4.00
1.82
0.75 to 4.31
1.26
0.43 to 3.40
1.23
0.38 to 3.34
1.08
0.21 to 3.94
1.03
0.12 to 4.99
1.02
0.24 to 3.20
LOTI_PO0.87
0.16 to 3.15
0.83
0.21 to 2.47
0.35
0.02 to 2.68
HRS7535_PO9.70
3.04 to 46.72
75.30
3.97 to 4311
53.50
13.82 to 290
30.11
0.78 to 2722
14.48
3.84 to 75.09
14.93
2.28 to 154
11.41
2.82 to 66.73
5.75
1.26 to 34.04
4.51
0.34 to 44.82
3.93
0.63 to 28.64
3.82
0.94 to 22.22
3.77
1.10 to 18.68
3.17
0.75 to 17.83
2.69
0.84 to 13.15
2.64
0.80 to 12.96
2.62
0.75 to 13.86
2.62
0.77 to 13.42
2.57
0.80 to 12.72
2.50
0.76 to 12.55
2.44
0.63 to 13.05
2.15
0.58 to 11.24
2.10
0.55 to 11.50
1.47
0.33 to 8.08
1.44
0.30 to 8.39
1.25
0.19 to 8.88
1.19
0.11 to 9.89
1.17
0.21 to 7.63
1.15
0.32 to 6.37
HRS7535_PO0.97
0.18 to 5.82
0.41
0.02 to 5.04
MAZD_SC10.02
3.92 to 34.90
75.77
4.56 to 3927
54.99
16.58 to 234
30.88
0.90 to 2463
15.09
4.80 to 59.00
15.49
2.85 to 129
11.89
3.35 to 53.33
6.03
1.51 to 27.22
4.77
0.41 to 40.29
4.14
0.69 to 24.97
4.02
1.07 to 17.86
3.91
1.41 to 14.74
3.30
0.95 to 13.41
2.79
1.08 to 9.94
2.75
1.05 to 9.92
2.75
0.94 to 10.43
2.74
0.99 to 10.45
2.66
1.02 to 9.48
2.60
0.94 to 9.44
2.53
0.77 to 10.70
2.24
0.75 to 8.25
2.18
0.68 to 8.71
1.51
0.42 to 6.75
1.47
0.36 to 6.66
1.30
0.22 to 7.22
1.22
0.13 to 8.34
1.21
0.25 to 6.17
1.20
0.40 to 4.69
1.03
0.17 to 5.63
MAZD_SC0.42
0.02 to 4.52
TG103_SC23.81
3.32 to 388
196
5.55 to 17834
130
15.40 to 2387
81.11
1.37 to 11300
35.96
4.57 to 649
38.35
3.06 to 962
28.64
3.17 to 531
14.39
1.50 to 270
11.26
0.55 to 306
9.64
0.76 to 211
9.37
1.09 to 180
9.26
1.25 to 163
7.78
0.92 to 134
6.61
0.92 to 111
6.47
0.91 to 108
6.50
0.83 to 113
6.47
0.87 to 109
6.33
0.87 to 105
6.14
0.81 to 103
6.02
0.73 to 104
5.29
0.69 to 92.15
5.20
0.64 to 92.47
3.55
0.42 to 65.82
3.48
0.39 to 64.53
3.10
0.24 to 62.35
2.83
0.17 to 68.23
2.94
0.27 to 53.73
2.84
0.37 to 49.73
2.42
0.20 to 50.88
2.37
0.22 to 42.72
TG103_SC

Heterogeneity, fit and convergence

Bayesian random effects (primary)

Heterogeneity (tau)
0.126 (95% CrI 0.046 to 0.279), log scale
Residual deviance
125.0 for 123 data points
DIC
211.8 (pD 86.8)
Largest R-hat
1.002
Smallest ESS
bulk 1,248, tail 2,042
Divergent transitions
0
Convergence
All criteria met
Priors
PR02 N(0, 5^2); PR05 N(0, 2.5^2); PR09 log normal(-1.87, 1.52^2) on tau^2 (Adverse events, pharm vs placebo control)

Inconsistency

Do trials comparing two treatments directly agree with the indirect evidence through other treatments?

No comparison here has both direct and indirect evidence, so inconsistency cannot be checked by node splitting.

Small study effects

A comparison adjusted funnel plot: each point is one trial comparison, centered on its own network estimate. Asymmetry can signal that small trials with unfavorable results are missing.

Fewer than ten trial comparisons, too few to judge funnel plot asymmetry.

Baseline characteristics of the trials

The baseline value of each effect modifier or prognostic factor that applies here, per trial: mean or percent over arms, weighted by the number randomized. A note under a value names a stand in (a median for a mean, 100 minus the male share, Asian subgroup rows, an all Asian site list); "not reported" means no source of the trial prints it.
Baseline effect modifiers and prognostic factors per trial
TrialSex (percent female)
effect modifier, prognostic factor; 57 of 57
FALCON
S002590
79.04
TOGETHER-PsO
S000032
44.9
NCT04081337
S000078
83.64
SURMOUNT-5
S000093
64.65
NCT05268627
S000104
85
NCT01784965
S000139
48.53
STEP 1
S000144
74.07
STEP 5
S000214
77.6
NCT04707313
S000279
63.4
NCT04311411
S000411
84.96
NCT03041792
S000418
67.69
BARI-STEP
S000434
82.85
NCT05579977
S000448
52.05
BARIOPTIMISE
S000466
74
NCT00500370
S000663
76.69
VENTURE
S000714
73.86
NCT05616013
S000715
57.37
NCT02075281
S000743
76.35
STEP 10
S000832
71.01
NCT02160990
S000865
65
ACCESS
S000899
54.35
NCT01590433
S000955
100
STEP 3
S000988
81.01
NCT03842202
S001032
38.85
NCT02647944
S001045
87.5
SURMOUNT-1
S001077
67.75
SURMOUNT-CN
S001086
49.05
NCT04478708
S001178
33.33
NCT04904913
S001183
52.03
Dapalost
S001235
61.25
NCT00781937
S001278
81.28
STEP7
S001288
45.33
STABLE Wt Loss
S001294
78.36
NCT00422058
S001402
76
NCT03101930
S001436
68.15
OASIS 1
S001472
72.71
NCT03856047
S001532
61.75
NCT05623839
S001559
50
STEP 8
S001600
78.4
NCT04881760
S001653
48.22
STRIVE
S001687
64.28
ATTAIN-1
S001722
64.25
TOGETHER-PsA
S001889
69.75
DREAM
S002006
63.33
STEP 6
S002102
36.91
SURMOUNT-3
S002157
62.9
NCT06250946
S002275
48.49
NCT01557166
S002315
28.1
NCT02453711
S002317
64.68
NCT05051579
S002337
59.19
NCT06569355
S002553
41.59
NCT06256562
S002790
45.62
NCT04838405
S002824
56.25
S002970
S002970
66.67
NCT04855292
S003063
37.5
S003067
S003067
76
S003075
S003075
84.62

Comparability of the trials

Checked across designs (the set of treatments each trial compares) for eligibility, outcome definition and assessment, and the baseline factors above. Flags point to possible intransitivity; notes describe variation that is not tied to design.
  • FlagBaseline, Sex: design means range from 33.3 (MARI_SC vs PLACEBO) to 85.0 (LIRA_SC vs OTHER_ACTIVE_botulinum_toxin) percent female; threshold 15
  • NoteOutcome assessment, time point: selected time points span 4.29 to 193 weeks
  • NoteOutcome assessment, analysis set: mixed: other 1, randomized 13, safety 43
  • NoteOutcome assessment, definition: mixed: deaths in safety population 1, nausea 1, not stated 54, participants with serious treatment emergent adverse events 1
  • NoteOutcome assessment, proportion method: mixed: not stated 56, observed 1
  • NoteOutcome assessment, intercurrent events (discontinuation): mixed: not stated 56, while_on_treatment 1
  • NoteOutcome assessment, intercurrent events (rescue): mixed: not stated 56, treatment_policy 1
  • NoteRisk of bias, blinding: mixed: double_blind 49, open_label 5, single_blind 3
  • NoteRisk of bias, funding: mixed: industry 47, mixed 6, non_industry 3, not_reported 1
  • NoteData handling, input conversions: arms_combined 29, count_from_percent 4, nonserious_only 47, printed_denominator 8
Comparability items per trial
Trialtime weeksanalysis setdefinitioninstrumentadjudicatedproportion methodintercurrent events (discontinuation)intercurrent events (rescue)blindingfundingstart yearEligibility
FALCON16safetynot statednot statednot statednot statednot statednot stateddouble_blindindustry2025age 18 to 75; BMI 27 to below 50 with comorbidity if below 30; HbA1c below 6.5
TOGETHER-PsO36safetynot statednot statednot statednot statednot statednot statedopen_labelindustry2024adults; moderate to severe plaque psoriasis; PASI 12 or more; BMI 30 or more, or 27 to 30 with comorbidity
NCT0408133722randomizednot statednot statednot statednot statednot statednot stateddouble_blindindustry2020age 18 to 60; BMI 30 to 45; no diabetes; at least one metabolic impairment
SURMOUNT-572safetynot statednot statednot statednot statednot statednot statedopen_labelindustry2023adults; BMI 30 or more, or 27 with complication; no diabetes
NCT0526862716randomizednot statednot statednot statednot statednot statednot statedopen_labelnon_industry2021BMI above 30; age 20 to 60 years
NCT0178496514randomizednot statednot statednot statednot statednot statednot stateddouble_blindmixed2009age 40 to 70; BMI 27 to 40; prediabetes by fasting or 2 h glucose; no T2D
STEP 175safetynot statednot statednot statednot statedwhile_on_treatmenttreatment_policydouble_blindindustry2018adults; BMI 30 or more, or 27 or more with a weight related condition; no diabetes; HbA1c below 6.5 percent
STEP 5111safetynot statednot statednot statednot statednot statednot stateddouble_blindindustry2018age 18 or older; BMI 30 or more, or 27 or more with comorbidity; no diabetes; HbA1c below 6.5 percent
NCT0470731337safetynot statednot statednot statednot statednot statednot stateddouble_blindindustry2021age 18 to 75; BMI 30 or higher; no diabetes; stable weight
NCT0431141110safetynauseanot statednot statednot statednot statednot stateddouble_blindindustry2020adults 18 to 65, BMI 27 to 50, no diabetes, HbA1c below 6.5
NCT0304179210.43safetynot statednot statednot statednot statednot statednot stateddouble_blindindustry2017age 18 to 75; BMI 30 to 40; no diabetes; HbA1c below 6.5 percent
BARI-STEP74randomizednot statednot statednot statednot statednot statednot stateddouble_blindmixed2022age 18 to 65; at least 1 year after primary bypass or sleeve; less than 20 percent weight loss from surgery
NCT0557997728safetynot statednot statednot statednot statednot statednot stateddouble_blindindustry2022age 18 to 75; T2D cohort on metformin, HbA1c 7.0 to 10.0, BMI 23 or more; obesity cohort BMI 30 or more without diabetes
BARIOPTIMISE28randomizednot statednot statednot statednot statednot statednot stateddouble_blindmixed2018adults at least 1 year after RYGB or sleeve gastrectomy with 20 percent or less weight loss and suboptimal GLP-1 response
NCT0050037028safetynot statednot statednot statednot statednot statednot stateddouble_blindindustry2007adults with BMI 30 or more, without diabetes
VENTURE19safetynot statednot statednot statednot statednot statednot stateddouble_blindindustry2023age over 18; BMI 30 or more, or 27 or more with comorbidity; BMI 50 or less; no diabetes
NCT05616013104safetynot statednot statednot statednot statednot statednot statedopen_labelindustry2022adults 18 to 80; BMI 30 or more, or 27 or more with comorbidity; no diabetes (HbA1c below 6.5 percent); weight below 150 kg
NCT0207528126safetynot statednot statednot statednot statednot statednot stateddouble_blindindustry2014age 18 to 64 years; BMI 30 to 42, or 27 to 30 with comorbidity; FPG below 7 mmol/L; HbA1c 6.5 percent or less; no diabetes
STEP 1057safetynot statednot statednot statednot statednot statednot stateddouble_blindindustry2021Adults with obesity and prediabetes; diabetes excluded
NCT021609904.29randomizednot statednot statednot statednot statednot statednot stateddouble_blindnon_industry2014Adults; BMI 30 to 40; accelerated gastric emptying; no diabetes
ACCESS36safetynot statednot statednot statednot statednot statednot stateddouble_blindindustry2024age 18 to 79; BMI 30 or more, or 27 or more with comorbidity; HbA1c below 6.5 percent; weight above 80 kg; no diabetes
NCT0159043352randomizednot statednot statednot statednot statednot statednot statedsingle_blindmixed2012women 18 to 70 years, BMI 25 to 48, no diabetes
STEP 375safetynot statednot statednot statednot statednot statednot stateddouble_blindindustry2018BMI 30 or more, or 27 with comorbidity; no type 2 diabetes
NCT0384220227safetynot statednot statednot statednot statednot statednot stateddouble_blindindustry2019age 18 to 65; BMI 30.0 to 45.0; HbA1c below 48 mmol/mol
NCT0264794416randomizednot statednot statednot statednot statednot statednot stateddouble_blindnot_reported2015adults with obesity
SURMOUNT-1193safetynot statednot statednot statednot statednot statednot stateddouble_blindindustry2019age 18 or older; BMI 30 or more, or 27 or more with a weight related complication; no diabetes
SURMOUNT-CN56safetynot statednot statednot statednot statednot statednot stateddouble_blindindustry2021Chinese adults; BMI 28 or more, or 24 or more with a weight related comorbidity; no diabetes
NCT0447870829.43safetynot statednot statednot statednot statednot statednot stateddouble_blindindustry2020age 18 to 65; BMI 30 to 40; HbA1c at most 6.5 or fasting glucose below 125 mg/dL
NCT0490491336safetynot statednot statednot statednot statednot statednot stateddouble_blindindustry2021Chinese adults 18 to 75; BMI 28 or more, or 24 or more with comorbidity or hyperphagia; no diabetes, HbA1c below 6.5
Dapalost24safetynot statednot statednot statednot statednot statednot stateddouble_blindindustry2014age 18 to 70; BMI 30 to 45 kg/m2; no diabetes
NCT0078193757safetynot statednot statednot statednot statednot statednot stateddouble_blindindustry2008BMI 30 or more or 27 with comorbidity; no diabetes; at least 5 percent loss on run in
STEP751safetynot statednot statednot statednot statednot statednot stateddouble_blindindustry2020age 18 or older; BMI 30 or more, or 27 or more with a weight related comorbidity including T2D
STABLE Wt Loss60randomizednot statednot statednot statednot statednot statednot stateddouble_blindindustry2022age 18 to 70; BMI 30 or more, or 27 or more with comorbidity; no diabetes; HbA1c 6.5 percent or less
NCT0042205852safetynot statednot statednot statednot statednot statednot stateddouble_blindindustry2007age 18 to 65; BMI 30 to 40; FPG below 7 mmol/L; no diabetes
NCT0310193014safetynot statednot statednot statednot statednot statednot stateddouble_blindmixed2017age 18 to 65; BMI >=30 kg/m2; prediabetes by ADA criteria; no diabetes
OASIS 175safetynot statednot statednot statednot statednot statednot stateddouble_blindindustry2021overweight or obesity
NCT0385604726safetynot statednot statednot statednot statednot statednot stateddouble_blindindustry2019age 18 or older; BMI 30 or more, or 27 or more with hypertension or dyslipidemia; no diabetes
NCT0562383927safetynot statednot statednot statednot statednot statednot stateddouble_blindindustry2022age 18 to 70; BMI 27 to 50; HbA1c below 6.5 percent; no diabetes
STEP 875safetynot statednot statednot statednot statednot statednot stateddouble_blindindustry2019age 18 or older; BMI 30 or higher, or 27 with a weight related comorbidity; no type 2 diabetes
NCT0488176052safetynot statednot statednot statednot statednot statednot stateddouble_blindindustry202118 to 75 years; BMI 30 or more, or 27 to less than 30 with weight related complication; no type 2 diabetes
STRIVE104safetynot statednot statednot statednot statednot statednot statedopen_labelindustry2017age 18 to 75; BMI 35 or more plus prediabetes, T2D, hypertension or sleep apnea; no insulin or GLP-1 RA
ATTAIN-174safetydeaths in safety populationnot statednot statednot statednot statednot stateddouble_blindindustry2023adults BMI 30 or more, or 27 or more with a weight related complication, without diabetes
TOGETHER-PsA36safetynot statednot statednot statednot statednot statednot statedsingle_blindindustry2024age 18 to 80; active psoriatic arthritis; BMI 30 or more, or 27 to 30 with a weight related comorbidity
DREAM16randomizednot statednot statednot statednot statednot statednot stateddouble_blindindustry2023age 18 to 75; BMI 30 or more; no diabetes, HbA1c below 48 mmol/mol
STEP 675safetynot statednot statednot statednot statednot statednot stateddouble_blindindustry2019
SURMOUNT-376safetynot statednot statednot statednot statednot statednot stateddouble_blindindustry2021age 18 or older; BMI 30 or more, or 27 or more with comorbidity; no diabetes; at least 5 percent loss in lead in
NCT0625094636safetynot statednot statednot statednot statednot statednot stateddouble_blindindustry2024age 18 to 65; BMI 28 to 40; no diabetes, HbA1c below 6.5 percent
NCT0155716634safetyparticipants with serious treatment emergent adverse eventsnot statednot statednot statednot statednot stateddouble_blindindustry2012age 18 to 64; BMI 30 or more; AHI 15 or more; no diabetes; unable or unwilling to use CPAP
NCT0245371159safetynot statednot statednot statednot statednot statednot stateddouble_blindindustry2015BMI 30 or more without diabetes
NCT0505157938safetynot statednot statednot statednot statednot statednot stateddouble_blindindustry2021adults BMI 30 or more, or 27 to 30 with a weight related complication, without diabetes
NCT0656935518safetynot statednot statednot statednot statednot statednot stateddouble_blindindustry2023age 18 to 75; BMI 28 or more, or 24 to 28 with comorbidity; no diabetes
NCT0625656233safetynot statednot statednot statednot statednot statednot stateddouble_blindindustry2023age 18 to 75; BMI 24 to <28 kg/m2 with comorbidity or 28 or more (Chinese criteria); no diabetes
NCT0483840524randomizednot statednot statednot statednot statednot statednot stateddouble_blindindustry2021age 18 to 65, BMI 25 or more (30 or more in cohorts 7 and 8), no diabetes
S00297026.07randomizednot statednot statednot statednot statednot statednot stateddouble_blindnon_industry2019age 20 to 75; BMI 27 to 40; impaired glucose tolerance by OGTT; no diabetes
NCT0485529214safetynot statednot statednot statednot statednot statednot stateddouble_blindindustry2021age 18 to 75; BMI 26 or more; weight 60 kg or more; HbA1c below 6.5; no diabetes
S00306752randomizednot statednot statednot statednot statednot statednot stateddouble_blindindustry2007age 18 to 65; BMI 30 to 40; FPG below 7 mmol/L; no diabetes
S00307552othernot statednot statednot statedobservednot statednot statedsingle_blindmixed2011age 18 to 65; BMI 30 to 40; healthy; fasting glucose below 7 mmol/L

Trial data

What each trial contributes. Arm rows give the arm value with its standard error, or events over participants; contrast rows give the hazard ratio (from event counts) on the analysis scale (log) against the trial's first row. Flags mark converted, combined or approximated inputs.
Trial data entering this analysis
TrialArmTreatmentWeekDataValueSEEvents / NFlagsSource
TOGETHER-PsOA1STANDARD_CARE36arm, events3 / 134printed_denominatorR0014237:Table 3
TOGETHER-PsOA2TIRZ_SC36arm, events34 / 138printed_denominatorR0014237:Table 3
NCT04081337A1PLACEBO22arm, events7 / 28R0004227:Supplement Table S1
NCT04081337A2TIRZ_SC22arm, events14 / 27R0004227:Supplement Table S1
SURMOUNT-5A1TIRZ_SC72arm, events163 / 375nonserious_onlyregistry:adverse_events
SURMOUNT-5A2SEMA_SC72arm, events167 / 376nonserious_onlyregistry:adverse_events
NCT05268627A1OTHER_ACTIVE_botulinum_toxin16arm, events0 / 20R0006920:Results
NCT05268627A2LIRA_SC16arm, events1 / 20R0006920:Results
NCT01784965A1LIRA_SC14arm, events16 / 35count_from_percentR0026736:Results
NCT01784965A2PLACEBO14arm, events7 / 33count_from_percentR0026736:Results
STEP 1A1SEMA_SC75arm, events577 / 1,306R0023399:Table 3
STEP 1A2PLACEBO75arm, events114 / 655R0023399:Table 3
STEP 5A1SEMA_SC111arm, events81 / 152R0021896:Table 3
STEP 5A2PLACEBO111arm, events33 / 152R0021896:Table 3
NCT04707313A11+A12+A13DANU_PO37arm, events66 / 110arms_combinedR0005921:Table 2
NCT04707313A2PLACEBO37arm, events2 / 19R0005921:Table 2
NCT04311411A1PLACEBO10arm, events2 / 39nonserious_onlyregistry:adverse_events
NCT04311411A2LIRA_SC10arm, events11 / 38nonserious_onlyregistry:adverse_events
NCT04311411A3TIRZ_SC10arm, events19 / 37nonserious_onlyregistry:adverse_events
NCT03041792A1LIRA_SC10.43arm, events15 / 32R0023522:Table 2
NCT03041792A2PLACEBO10.43arm, events1 / 29R0023522:Table 2
BARI-STEPA1PLACEBO74arm, events8 / 35R0014003:Table 3
BARI-STEPA2SEMA_SC74arm, events24 / 35R0014003:Table 3
NCT05579977A1+A8PLACEBO28arm, events11 / 139arms_combinedR0004106:Table 2
NCT05579977A10+A11+A12+A13+A2+A3+A4+A5+A6+A9LOTI_PO28arm, events256 / 690arms_combinedR0004106:Table 2
NCT05579977A7SEMA_PO28arm, events10 / 73R0004106:Table 2
BARIOPTIMISEA1PLACEBO28arm, events7 / 35R0017334:Table 3
BARIOPTIMISEA2LIRA_SC28arm, events18 / 35R0017334:Table 3
NCT00500370A1EXEN_SC28arm, events18 / 80nonserious_onlyregistry:adverse_events
NCT00500370A2PLACEBO28arm, events3 / 83nonserious_onlyregistry:adverse_events
VENTUREA1PLACEBO19arm, events7 / 35R0011224:Table 3
VENTUREA2+A3+A4+A5VK2735_SC19arm, events60 / 141arms_combinedR0011224:Table 3
NCT05616013A3OTHER_ACTIVE_bimagrumab104arm, events8 / 57nonserious_onlyregistry:adverse_events
NCT05616013A4+A5SEMA_SC104arm, events51 / 113nonserious_only;arms_combinedregistry:adverse_events
NCT05616013A6+A7+A8+A9BIMASEMA_SC104arm, events104 / 225nonserious_only;arms_combinedregistry:adverse_events
NCT02075281A1PLACEBO26arm, events11 / 60R0011218:Table 3
NCT02075281A2+A3+A4+A5EFPE_SC26arm, events131 / 237arms_combinedR0011218:Table 3
STEP 10A1SEMA_SC57arm, events40 / 138nonserious_onlyregistry:adverse_events
STEP 10A2PLACEBO57arm, events3 / 69nonserious_onlyregistry:adverse_events
NCT02160990A1PLACEBO4.29arm, events0 / 10R0020690:Results
NCT02160990A2EXEN_SC4.29arm, events0 / 10R0020690:Results
ACCESSA1+A2+A3ALENIG_PO36arm, events117 / 174arms_combinedR0000892:Table 2
ACCESSA4PLACEBO36arm, events12 / 56R0000892:Table 2
NCT01590433A1EXEN_SC52arm, events89 / 127nonserious_onlyregistry:adverse_events
NCT01590433A2PLACEBO52arm, events14 / 55nonserious_onlyregistry:adverse_events
STEP 3A1SEMA_SC75arm, events237 / 407nonserious_onlyregistry:adverse_events
STEP 3A2PLACEBO75arm, events45 / 204nonserious_onlyregistry:adverse_events
NCT03842202A1SEMA_SC27arm, events17 / 36R0023297:Supplement Table S3
NCT03842202A2PLACEBO27arm, events6 / 36R0023297:Supplement Table S3
NCT02647944A1LIRA_SC16arm, events12 / 19nonserious_onlyregistry:adverse_events
NCT02647944A2PLACEBO16arm, events2 / 21nonserious_onlyregistry:adverse_events
SURMOUNT-1A1PLACEBO193arm, events63 / 643nonserious_onlyregistry:adverse_events
SURMOUNT-1A2+A3+A4TIRZ_SC193arm, events578 / 1,896nonserious_only;arms_combinedregistry:adverse_events
SURMOUNT-CNA1+A2TIRZ_SC56arm, events44 / 141nonserious_only;arms_combinedregistry:adverse_events
SURMOUNT-CNA3PLACEBO56arm, events4 / 69nonserious_onlyregistry:adverse_events
NCT04478708A10+A11+A14+A9MARI_SC29.43arm, events20 / 30printed_denominator;nonserious_only;printed_denominator;arms_combinedR0006305:Table 2
NCT04478708A15+A8PLACEBO29.43arm, events1 / 9nonserious_only;printed_denominator;printed_denominator;arms_combinedregistry:adverse_events
NCT04904913A1+A2+A3MAZD_SC36arm, events53 / 186arms_combinedR0016107:Table 4
NCT04904913A4PLACEBO36arm, events3 / 62R0016107:Table 4
DapalostA1EXENER_SC24arm, events7 / 25R0025627:Table 3
DapalostA2PLACEBO24arm, events3 / 25R0025627:Table 3
NCT00781937A1LIRA_SC57arm, events101 / 212nonserious_onlyregistry:adverse_events
NCT00781937A2PLACEBO57arm, events36 / 210nonserious_onlyregistry:adverse_events
STEP7A1SEMA_SC51arm, events60 / 249nonserious_onlyregistry:adverse_events
STEP7A2PLACEBO51arm, events9 / 126nonserious_onlyregistry:adverse_events
STABLE Wt LossA1SEMA_SC60arm, events53 / 72R0013679:Table 4
STABLE Wt LossA2PLACEBO60arm, events12 / 48R0013679:Table 4
NCT00422058A1PLACEBO52arm, events7 / 98R0026705:Table 2
NCT00422058A2+A3+A4+A5LIRA_SC52arm, events132 / 371arms_combinedR0026705:Table 2
NCT00422058A6ORLISTAT52arm, events7 / 95R0026705:Table 2
NCT03101930A1LIRA_SC14arm, events8 / 46nonserious_onlyregistry:adverse_events
NCT03101930A2SITAGLIPTIN14arm, events0 / 23nonserious_onlyregistry:adverse_events
NCT03101930A3LIFESTYLE14arm, events1 / 24nonserious_onlyregistry:adverse_events
OASIS 1A1SEMA_PO75arm, events173 / 334nonserious_onlyregistry:adverse_events
OASIS 1A2PLACEBO75arm, events51 / 333nonserious_onlyregistry:adverse_events
NCT03856047A1+A2+A3+A4+A5OTHER_ACTIVE_cagrilintide26arm, events163 / 506arms_combinedR0017871:Table 3
NCT03856047A6LIRA_SC26arm, events39 / 99R0017871:Table 3
NCT03856047A7PLACEBO26arm, events18 / 101R0017871:Table 3
NCT05623839A1PLACEBO27arm, events0 / 8R0013210:Supplement Table S2
NCT05623839A2+A3MAZD_SC27arm, events19 / 24arms_combinedR0013210:Supplement Table S2
STEP 8A1SEMA_SC75arm, events77 / 126nonserious_onlyregistry:adverse_events
STEP 8A2LIRA_SC75arm, events75 / 127nonserious_onlyregistry:adverse_events
STEP 8A3PLACEBO75arm, events19 / 85nonserious_onlyregistry:adverse_events
NCT04881760A1PLACEBO52arm, events8 / 70nonserious_onlyregistry:adverse_events
NCT04881760A2+A3+A4+A5+A6+A7RETA_SC52arm, events83 / 268nonserious_only;arms_combinedregistry:adverse_events
STRIVEA1STANDARD_CARE104arm, events0 / 132R0020855:Table 4
STRIVEA2LIRA_SC104arm, events95 / 260R0020855:Table 4
ATTAIN-1A1PLACEBO74arm, events99 / 949nonserious_onlyregistry:adverse_events
ATTAIN-1A2+A3+A4ORFO_PO74arm, events714 / 2,178nonserious_only;arms_combinedregistry:adverse_events
TOGETHER-PsAA1STANDARD_CARE36arm, events4 / 132printed_denominatorR0018951:Table 3
TOGETHER-PsAA2TIRZ_SC36arm, events41 / 138printed_denominatorR0018951:Table 3
DREAMA1PLACEBO16arm, events7 / 18R0011013:Table 3
DREAMA2+A3DAPIGL_SC16arm, events20 / 36arms_combinedR0011013:Table 3
STEP 6A1+A2SEMA_SC75arm, events53 / 300nonserious_only;arms_combinedregistry:adverse_events
STEP 6A3PLACEBO75arm, events4 / 101nonserious_onlyregistry:adverse_events
SURMOUNT-3A1TIRZ_SC76arm, events114 / 287R0007405:Table 3
SURMOUNT-3A2PLACEBO76arm, events41 / 292R0007405:Table 3
NCT06250946A1PLACEBO36arm, events2 / 46R0001289:Table 6
NCT06250946A2+A3+A4+A5HRS7535_PO36arm, events71 / 189arms_combinedR0001289:Table 6
NCT01557166A1LIRA_SC34arm, events47 / 180R0026203:Table 2
NCT01557166A2PLACEBO34arm, events12 / 179R0026203:Table 2
NCT02453711A1+A2+A3+A4+A5+A6+A7SEMA_SC59arm, events316 / 718nonserious_only;arms_combinedregistry:adverse_events
NCT02453711A8LIRA_SC59arm, events46 / 103nonserious_onlyregistry:adverse_events
NCT02453711A9PLACEBO59arm, events24 / 136nonserious_onlyregistry:adverse_events
NCT05051579A1+A2+A3+A4+A5+A6ORFO_PO38arm, events106 / 222nonserious_only;arms_combinedregistry:adverse_events
NCT05051579A7PLACEBO38arm, events5 / 50nonserious_onlyregistry:adverse_events
NCT06569355A1+A2+A3+A4VCT220_PO18arm, events85 / 189arms_combinedR0001121:Table 3
NCT06569355A5PLACEBO18arm, events5 / 61R0001121:Table 3
FALCONA1PLACEBO16arm, events3 / 33R0004304:Table 2
FALCONA2+A3+A4+A5TERN60_PO16arm, events75 / 134arms_combinedR0004304:Table 2
NCT06256562A1+A2+A3+A4+A5BOFANG_SC33arm, events129 / 274arms_combinedR0002409:Table 3
NCT06256562A6PLACEBO33arm, events6 / 66R0002409:Table 3
NCT04838405A1PLACEBO24arm, events1 / 10R0007991:Table 2
NCT04838405A2+A3+A4+A5+A6CT388_SC24arm, events6 / 30arms_combinedR0007991:Table 2
S002970A1LIFESTYLE26.07arm, events1 / 22R0008860:Supplementary Table SI
S002970A2LIRA_SC26.07arm, events4 / 17R0008860:Supplementary Table SI
NCT04855292A1+A2+A3TG103_SC14arm, events20 / 36arms_combinedR0022276:Table 2
NCT04855292A4PLACEBO14arm, events0 / 12R0022276:Table 2
S003067A1PLACEBO52arm, events7 / 98R0025439:Table 2
S003067A2+A3+A4+A5LIRA_SC52arm, events132 / 371arms_combinedR0025439:Table 2
S003067A6ORLISTAT52arm, events7 / 95R0025439:Table 2
S003075A1LIRA_SC52arm, events11 / 27count_from_percentR0018258:Results
S003075A2STANDARD_CARE52arm, events1 / 25count_from_percentR0018258:Results

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