Network meta-analysis
Diarrhea
Overweight or obesity without diabetes (adults)
longest follow-upRecorded harmsDoses of a drug pooledHazard ratio (from event counts)
54
Randomized trials
31
Treatments
21,505
Participants
4,371
Events
In plain language
Across 54 trials with 21,505 participants, 1 of 30 treatments had a clearly better result than placebo on diarrhea, 11 a clearly worse one, and for 18 the evidence could not tell them apart from placebo. The most favorable estimate was for Sitagliptin: hazard ratio (from event counts) 0.19 (95% credible interval 0.00 to 3.19).
Lower values favor the treatment. "Clearly" means the 95% credible interval excludes no difference. These are averages across trials; they do not say how any one person will respond. Not medical advice.
Network of trials
Each circle is a treatment; each line joins treatments that were randomized against each other in at least one trial.
Effects compared with Placebo
Hazard ratio (from event counts). Lower values favor the treatment.
| Treatment | Bayesian HR (95% CrI) | 95% prediction interval | Frequentist HR (95% CI) | Verdict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sitagliptin SITAGLIPTIN | 0.19 (0.00 to 3.19) | 0.00 to 3.45 | Unclear | |
| Standard care or no added treatment STANDARD_CARE | 0.21 (0.09 to 0.48) | 0.07 to 0.56 | Better | |
| Botulinum toxin OTHER_ACTIVE_botulinum_toxin | 0.24 (0.00 to 6.90) | 0.00 to 7.27 | Unclear | |
| Lifestyle intervention (randomized arm) LIFESTYLE | 0.36 (0.03 to 2.32) | 0.03 to 2.50 | Unclear | |
| Exenatide extended release injection EXENER_SC | 0.97 (0.17 to 5.34) | 0.16 to 5.89 | Unclear | |
| Cagrilintide OTHER_ACTIVE_cagrilintide | 1.13 (0.57 to 2.27) | 0.45 to 2.82 | Unclear | |
| Retatrutide injection RETA_SC | 1.24 (0.49 to 3.26) | 0.42 to 3.81 | Unclear | |
| Efpe sc EFPE_SC | 1.25 (0.56 to 2.94) | 0.47 to 3.46 | Unclear | |
| Semaglutide tablet SEMA_PO | 1.42 (0.78 to 2.45) | 0.61 to 3.11 | Unclear | |
| Alenig po ALENIG_PO | 1.58 (0.70 to 3.68) | 0.59 to 4.43 | Unclear | |
| Liraglutide injection LIRA_SC | 1.67 (1.24 to 2.24) | 0.86 to 3.25 | Worse | |
| Tern60 po TERN60_PO | 1.72 (0.44 to 10.78) | 0.39 to 11.42 | Unclear | |
| Ct388 sc CT388_SC | 1.76 (0.28 to 20.02) | 0.25 to 21.27 | Unclear | |
| Exenatide injection EXEN_SC | 1.84 (0.86 to 4.23) | 0.70 to 5.24 | Unclear | |
| Dapigl sc DAPIGL_SC | 2.07 (0.57 to 9.45) | 0.49 to 10.29 | Unclear | |
| Loti po LOTI_PO | 2.10 (1.03 to 4.47) | 0.83 to 5.49 | Worse | |
| Semaglutide injection SEMA_SC | 2.21 (1.79 to 2.79) | 1.18 to 4.11 | Worse | |
| Bofanglutide (GZR18) injection BOFANG_SC | 2.42 (1.09 to 5.72) | 0.90 to 6.96 | Worse | |
| Orforglipron tablet ORFO_PO | 2.49 (1.47 to 4.25) | 1.14 to 5.54 | Worse | |
| Vk2735 sc VK2735_SC | 2.52 (0.79 to 10.83) | 0.67 to 11.97 | Unclear | |
| Vct220 po VCT220_PO | 2.55 (0.95 to 8.59) | 0.80 to 9.78 | Unclear | |
| HRS-7535 tablet HRS7535_PO | 2.64 (0.87 to 8.94) | 0.75 to 10.37 | Unclear | |
| Mazdutide injection MAZD_SC | 2.78 (1.27 to 6.98) | 1.05 to 8.22 | Worse | |
| Tirzepatide injection TIRZ_SC | 2.98 (2.14 to 4.20) | 1.55 to 5.84 | Worse | |
| Bimagrumab OTHER_ACTIVE_bimagrumab | 3.92 (2.03 to 7.82) | 1.63 to 10.04 | Worse | |
| Bimasema sc BIMASEMA_SC | 4.10 (2.17 to 7.98) | 1.76 to 10.10 | Worse | |
| Orlistat ORLISTAT | 4.14 (1.98 to 8.26) | 1.62 to 10.05 | Worse | |
| Danuglipron tablet DANU_PO | 4.17 (0.92 to 35.06) | 0.84 to 36.01 | Unclear | |
| Mari sc MARI_SC | 6.03 (0.56 to 155) | 0.52 to 161 | Unclear | |
| Tg103 sc TG103_SC | 7.57 (1.59 to 63.79) | 1.43 to 71.08 | Worse |
Ranking
How likely each treatment is to be among the best. Rankings ignore the size of differences and their certainty, so read them with the effects above.
League table
Every treatment against every other: hazard ratio (from event counts) of the row treatment versus the column treatment, posterior median and 95% credible interval. Green: row clearly better; red: row clearly worse.
| Row versus column | PLACEBO | SITAGLIPTIN | STANDARD_CARE | OTHER_ACTIVE_botulinum_toxin | LIFESTYLE | EXENER_SC | OTHER_ACTIVE_cagrilintide | RETA_SC | EFPE_SC | SEMA_PO | ALENIG_PO | LIRA_SC | TERN60_PO | CT388_SC | EXEN_SC | DAPIGL_SC | LOTI_PO | SEMA_SC | BOFANG_SC | ORFO_PO | VK2735_SC | VCT220_PO | HRS7535_PO | MAZD_SC | TIRZ_SC | OTHER_ACTIVE_bimagrumab | BIMASEMA_SC | ORLISTAT | DANU_PO | MARI_SC | TG103_SC |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PLACEBO | PLACEBO | 5.17 0.31 to 277 | 4.68 2.10 to 11.47 | 4.14 0.14 to 253 | 2.74 0.43 to 33.20 | 1.03 0.19 to 5.89 | 0.88 0.44 to 1.74 | 0.81 0.31 to 2.02 | 0.80 0.34 to 1.79 | 0.70 0.41 to 1.29 | 0.63 0.27 to 1.44 | 0.60 0.45 to 0.80 | 0.58 0.09 to 2.30 | 0.57 0.05 to 3.56 | 0.54 0.24 to 1.17 | 0.48 0.11 to 1.75 | 0.48 0.22 to 0.97 | 0.45 0.36 to 0.56 | 0.41 0.17 to 0.92 | 0.40 0.24 to 0.68 | 0.40 0.09 to 1.27 | 0.39 0.12 to 1.05 | 0.38 0.11 to 1.15 | 0.36 0.14 to 0.79 | 0.34 0.24 to 0.47 | 0.25 0.13 to 0.49 | 0.24 0.13 to 0.46 | 0.24 0.12 to 0.50 | 0.24 0.03 to 1.08 | 0.17 0.01 to 1.79 | 0.13 0.02 to 0.63 |
| SITAGLIPTIN | 0.19 0.00 to 3.19 | SITAGLIPTIN | 0.90 0.02 to 17.90 | 0.77 0.00 to 127 | 0.55 0.01 to 20.26 | 0.19 0.00 to 5.89 | 0.17 0.00 to 3.08 | 0.15 0.00 to 3.15 | 0.15 0.00 to 2.94 | 0.14 0.00 to 2.38 | 0.12 0.00 to 2.32 | 0.12 0.00 to 1.93 | 0.11 0.00 to 2.67 | 0.10 0.00 to 3.38 | 0.10 0.00 to 1.94 | 0.09 0.00 to 2.12 | 0.09 0.00 to 1.69 | 0.09 0.00 to 1.46 | 0.08 0.00 to 1.58 | 0.08 0.00 to 1.34 | 0.07 0.00 to 1.77 | 0.07 0.00 to 1.66 | 0.07 0.00 to 1.58 | 0.07 0.00 to 1.35 | 0.07 0.00 to 1.12 | 0.05 0.00 to 0.91 | 0.05 0.00 to 0.86 | 0.05 0.00 to 0.89 | 0.04 0.00 to 1.17 | 0.03 0.00 to 1.52 | 0.02 0.00 to 0.71 |
| STANDARD_CARE | 0.21 0.09 to 0.48 | 1.11 0.06 to 61.75 | STANDARD_CARE | 0.87 0.03 to 58.64 | 0.58 0.07 to 7.68 | 0.22 0.03 to 1.44 | 0.19 0.06 to 0.52 | 0.17 0.05 to 0.59 | 0.17 0.05 to 0.54 | 0.15 0.05 to 0.41 | 0.13 0.04 to 0.43 | 0.13 0.05 to 0.29 | 0.12 0.02 to 0.62 | 0.12 0.01 to 0.90 | 0.11 0.03 to 0.36 | 0.10 0.02 to 0.49 | 0.10 0.03 to 0.30 | 0.10 0.04 to 0.22 | 0.09 0.03 to 0.27 | 0.08 0.03 to 0.23 | 0.08 0.02 to 0.35 | 0.08 0.02 to 0.31 | 0.08 0.02 to 0.32 | 0.08 0.02 to 0.23 | 0.07 0.03 to 0.16 | 0.05 0.02 to 0.15 | 0.05 0.02 to 0.14 | 0.05 0.02 to 0.15 | 0.05 0.01 to 0.29 | 0.03 0.00 to 0.45 | 0.03 0.00 to 0.16 |
| OTHER_ACTIVE_botulinum_toxin | 0.24 0.00 to 6.90 | 1.30 0.01 to 224 | 1.15 0.02 to 36.56 | OTHER_ACTIVE_botulinum_toxin | 0.69 0.01 to 43.15 | 0.24 0.00 to 11.40 | 0.22 0.00 to 6.80 | 0.19 0.00 to 6.24 | 0.19 0.00 to 6.23 | 0.17 0.00 to 5.04 | 0.15 0.00 to 4.66 | 0.15 0.00 to 4.19 | 0.13 0.00 to 5.36 | 0.13 0.00 to 6.43 | 0.13 0.00 to 4.16 | 0.12 0.00 to 4.37 | 0.11 0.00 to 3.62 | 0.11 0.00 to 3.23 | 0.10 0.00 to 3.18 | 0.10 0.00 to 3.00 | 0.09 0.00 to 3.16 | 0.09 0.00 to 3.15 | 0.09 0.00 to 3.12 | 0.09 0.00 to 2.77 | 0.08 0.00 to 2.32 | 0.06 0.00 to 1.86 | 0.06 0.00 to 1.79 | 0.06 0.00 to 1.83 | 0.05 0.00 to 2.39 | 0.04 0.00 to 2.64 | 0.03 0.00 to 1.39 |
| LIFESTYLE | 0.36 0.03 to 2.32 | 1.81 0.05 to 142 | 1.71 0.13 to 13.63 | 1.46 0.02 to 142 | LIFESTYLE | 0.36 0.02 to 4.71 | 0.32 0.02 to 2.33 | 0.29 0.02 to 2.39 | 0.28 0.02 to 2.24 | 0.26 0.02 to 1.79 | 0.23 0.02 to 1.73 | 0.22 0.02 to 1.35 | 0.20 0.01 to 2.25 | 0.19 0.01 to 2.92 | 0.19 0.01 to 1.51 | 0.17 0.01 to 1.73 | 0.17 0.01 to 1.28 | 0.17 0.01 to 1.08 | 0.15 0.01 to 1.14 | 0.15 0.01 to 1.00 | 0.14 0.01 to 1.37 | 0.14 0.01 to 1.16 | 0.13 0.01 to 1.20 | 0.13 0.01 to 0.99 | 0.12 0.01 to 0.79 | 0.09 0.01 to 0.66 | 0.09 0.01 to 0.63 | 0.09 0.01 to 0.64 | 0.08 0.00 to 1.03 | 0.06 0.00 to 1.28 | 0.04 0.00 to 0.56 |
| EXENER_SC | 0.97 0.17 to 5.34 | 5.13 0.17 to 375 | 4.62 0.69 to 30.90 | 4.09 0.09 to 344 | 2.77 0.21 to 53.80 | EXENER_SC | 0.85 0.14 to 5.77 | 0.77 0.11 to 5.45 | 0.77 0.11 to 5.07 | 0.68 0.11 to 4.22 | 0.61 0.09 to 4.03 | 0.58 0.10 to 3.32 | 0.54 0.05 to 4.98 | 0.53 0.03 to 6.72 | 0.52 0.08 to 3.50 | 0.46 0.05 to 4.11 | 0.46 0.07 to 2.95 | 0.44 0.08 to 2.46 | 0.40 0.06 to 2.56 | 0.39 0.06 to 2.33 | 0.37 0.04 to 3.14 | 0.37 0.05 to 2.88 | 0.36 0.04 to 2.93 | 0.35 0.05 to 2.26 | 0.33 0.06 to 1.81 | 0.25 0.04 to 1.53 | 0.24 0.04 to 1.49 | 0.23 0.04 to 1.57 | 0.23 0.02 to 2.21 | 0.16 0.00 to 3.19 | 0.12 0.01 to 1.33 |
| OTHER_ACTIVE_cagrilintide | 1.13 0.57 to 2.27 | 5.82 0.32 to 335 | 5.33 1.93 to 15.59 | 4.61 0.15 to 325 | 3.12 0.43 to 40.89 | 1.17 0.17 to 7.38 | OTHER_ACTIVE_cagrilintide | 0.90 0.28 to 2.84 | 0.90 0.30 to 2.72 | 0.80 0.33 to 1.99 | 0.72 0.24 to 2.08 | 0.68 0.35 to 1.34 | 0.65 0.10 to 3.02 | 0.63 0.05 to 4.72 | 0.62 0.21 to 1.73 | 0.55 0.11 to 2.44 | 0.54 0.19 to 1.48 | 0.51 0.25 to 1.05 | 0.47 0.15 to 1.34 | 0.45 0.19 to 1.08 | 0.45 0.09 to 1.77 | 0.44 0.11 to 1.51 | 0.42 0.10 to 1.60 | 0.41 0.13 to 1.18 | 0.38 0.18 to 0.81 | 0.29 0.11 to 0.73 | 0.27 0.11 to 0.69 | 0.27 0.11 to 0.73 | 0.27 0.03 to 1.46 | 0.19 0.01 to 2.25 | 0.15 0.02 to 0.83 |
| RETA_SC | 1.24 0.49 to 3.26 | 6.65 0.32 to 390 | 5.90 1.69 to 21.73 | 5.24 0.16 to 361 | 3.50 0.42 to 47.08 | 1.29 0.18 to 8.76 | 1.11 0.35 to 3.60 | RETA_SC | 1.00 0.29 to 3.47 | 0.88 0.31 to 2.64 | 0.79 0.23 to 2.75 | 0.74 0.28 to 2.02 | 0.72 0.10 to 3.85 | 0.70 0.05 to 5.53 | 0.67 0.19 to 2.28 | 0.59 0.10 to 3.02 | 0.59 0.18 to 1.96 | 0.56 0.21 to 1.50 | 0.51 0.15 to 1.77 | 0.49 0.17 to 1.50 | 0.49 0.09 to 2.26 | 0.49 0.11 to 1.97 | 0.46 0.10 to 2.08 | 0.44 0.12 to 1.55 | 0.42 0.16 to 1.17 | 0.32 0.10 to 1.00 | 0.30 0.10 to 0.95 | 0.30 0.10 to 1.00 | 0.29 0.03 to 1.76 | 0.21 0.01 to 2.60 | 0.16 0.02 to 1.04 |
| EFPE_SC | 1.25 0.56 to 2.94 | 6.56 0.34 to 372 | 5.93 1.84 to 20.35 | 5.21 0.16 to 339 | 3.51 0.45 to 47.32 | 1.29 0.20 to 8.74 | 1.11 0.37 to 3.37 | 1.00 0.29 to 3.42 | EFPE_SC | 0.89 0.34 to 2.48 | 0.79 0.24 to 2.58 | 0.75 0.31 to 1.86 | 0.72 0.10 to 3.64 | 0.70 0.05 to 5.34 | 0.68 0.21 to 2.17 | 0.61 0.10 to 2.83 | 0.59 0.20 to 1.80 | 0.56 0.24 to 1.36 | 0.52 0.15 to 1.68 | 0.50 0.19 to 1.40 | 0.49 0.09 to 2.14 | 0.49 0.12 to 1.84 | 0.47 0.11 to 1.94 | 0.45 0.13 to 1.43 | 0.42 0.18 to 1.05 | 0.32 0.11 to 0.93 | 0.31 0.10 to 0.89 | 0.30 0.10 to 0.94 | 0.30 0.03 to 1.66 | 0.21 0.01 to 2.66 | 0.16 0.02 to 1.00 |
| SEMA_PO | 1.42 0.78 to 2.45 | 7.24 0.42 to 390 | 6.70 2.43 to 18.23 | 5.73 0.20 to 381 | 3.89 0.56 to 49.24 | 1.46 0.24 to 8.74 | 1.25 0.50 to 3.01 | 1.14 0.38 to 3.25 | 1.13 0.40 to 2.95 | SEMA_PO | 0.90 0.32 to 2.41 | 0.85 0.43 to 1.57 | 0.81 0.12 to 3.52 | 0.79 0.07 to 5.39 | 0.77 0.27 to 1.97 | 0.68 0.14 to 2.78 | 0.68 0.30 to 1.40 | 0.64 0.33 to 1.15 | 0.58 0.21 to 1.50 | 0.57 0.25 to 1.20 | 0.56 0.12 to 2.02 | 0.55 0.14 to 1.74 | 0.53 0.14 to 1.82 | 0.51 0.17 to 1.31 | 0.48 0.24 to 0.90 | 0.36 0.14 to 0.85 | 0.35 0.14 to 0.78 | 0.34 0.14 to 0.85 | 0.34 0.04 to 1.64 | 0.24 0.01 to 2.66 | 0.18 0.02 to 1.01 |
| ALENIG_PO | 1.58 0.70 to 3.68 | 8.41 0.43 to 451 | 7.49 2.35 to 25.32 | 6.56 0.21 to 455 | 4.41 0.58 to 59.27 | 1.64 0.25 to 11.24 | 1.40 0.48 to 4.20 | 1.27 0.36 to 4.39 | 1.26 0.39 to 4.09 | 1.11 0.41 to 3.14 | ALENIG_PO | 0.94 0.40 to 2.34 | 0.90 0.13 to 4.64 | 0.89 0.07 to 6.89 | 0.85 0.27 to 2.69 | 0.76 0.13 to 3.73 | 0.74 0.25 to 2.29 | 0.71 0.30 to 1.71 | 0.65 0.20 to 2.07 | 0.63 0.24 to 1.71 | 0.62 0.12 to 2.72 | 0.61 0.14 to 2.33 | 0.60 0.14 to 2.38 | 0.57 0.16 to 1.78 | 0.53 0.21 to 1.33 | 0.40 0.14 to 1.18 | 0.38 0.13 to 1.08 | 0.38 0.13 to 1.19 | 0.38 0.04 to 2.14 | 0.26 0.01 to 3.21 | 0.21 0.02 to 1.22 |
| LIRA_SC | 1.67 1.24 to 2.24 | 8.51 0.52 to 455 | 7.83 3.49 to 19.14 | 6.88 0.24 to 423 | 4.56 0.74 to 53.13 | 1.73 0.30 to 9.90 | 1.48 0.75 to 2.89 | 1.36 0.50 to 3.57 | 1.34 0.54 to 3.21 | 1.18 0.64 to 2.33 | 1.06 0.43 to 2.50 | LIRA_SC | 0.97 0.16 to 3.93 | 0.95 0.08 to 6.24 | 0.91 0.38 to 2.04 | 0.81 0.17 to 3.12 | 0.80 0.35 to 1.71 | 0.76 0.53 to 1.06 | 0.69 0.27 to 1.61 | 0.67 0.36 to 1.24 | 0.66 0.15 to 2.23 | 0.66 0.19 to 1.84 | 0.63 0.18 to 2.00 | 0.60 0.23 to 1.39 | 0.56 0.36 to 0.84 | 0.43 0.20 to 0.85 | 0.41 0.20 to 0.82 | 0.40 0.21 to 0.82 | 0.40 0.05 to 1.89 | 0.28 0.01 to 3.05 | 0.22 0.03 to 1.07 |
| TERN60_PO | 1.72 0.44 to 10.78 | 9.50 0.37 to 683 | 8.22 1.61 to 60.02 | 7.60 0.19 to 620 | 5.07 0.44 to 99.74 | 1.84 0.20 to 20.91 | 1.54 0.33 to 10.07 | 1.40 0.26 to 10.23 | 1.39 0.27 to 9.86 | 1.24 0.28 to 8.02 | 1.11 0.22 to 7.53 | 1.03 0.25 to 6.39 | TERN60_PO | 0.96 0.06 to 13.17 | 0.95 0.19 to 6.37 | 0.85 0.11 to 7.11 | 0.82 0.17 to 5.57 | 0.78 0.19 to 4.81 | 0.70 0.14 to 4.79 | 0.70 0.16 to 4.40 | 0.69 0.09 to 5.79 | 0.68 0.11 to 5.25 | 0.65 0.10 to 5.42 | 0.62 0.12 to 4.44 | 0.58 0.14 to 3.71 | 0.45 0.09 to 2.92 | 0.43 0.09 to 2.78 | 0.42 0.09 to 2.88 | 0.41 0.03 to 4.27 | 0.29 0.01 to 5.57 | 0.23 0.02 to 2.52 |
| CT388_SC | 1.76 0.28 to 20.02 | 10.08 0.30 to 930 | 8.46 1.11 to 108 | 7.95 0.16 to 964 | 5.21 0.34 to 149 | 1.89 0.15 to 34.34 | 1.58 0.21 to 20.51 | 1.43 0.18 to 19.30 | 1.43 0.19 to 18.41 | 1.26 0.19 to 15.08 | 1.13 0.15 to 14.81 | 1.06 0.16 to 12.12 | 1.04 0.08 to 16.47 | CT388_SC | 0.97 0.12 to 13.10 | 0.87 0.08 to 12.26 | 0.84 0.12 to 10.36 | 0.79 0.12 to 9.12 | 0.72 0.09 to 9.25 | 0.71 0.11 to 8.52 | 0.70 0.07 to 10.16 | 0.69 0.08 to 9.71 | 0.68 0.07 to 9.35 | 0.64 0.09 to 7.81 | 0.59 0.09 to 6.71 | 0.45 0.06 to 5.37 | 0.43 0.06 to 5.06 | 0.43 0.06 to 5.15 | 0.42 0.03 to 7.10 | 0.30 0.01 to 8.65 | 0.23 0.01 to 3.95 |
| EXEN_SC | 1.84 0.86 to 4.23 | 9.77 0.51 to 531 | 8.77 2.76 to 29.00 | 7.68 0.24 to 525 | 5.19 0.66 to 71.06 | 1.91 0.29 to 12.77 | 1.62 0.58 to 4.79 | 1.48 0.44 to 5.14 | 1.48 0.46 to 4.69 | 1.30 0.51 to 3.69 | 1.17 0.37 to 3.72 | 1.10 0.49 to 2.60 | 1.06 0.16 to 5.32 | 1.03 0.08 to 8.32 | EXEN_SC | 0.89 0.17 to 4.25 | 0.87 0.30 to 2.66 | 0.83 0.37 to 1.97 | 0.76 0.24 to 2.43 | 0.74 0.29 to 2.01 | 0.73 0.14 to 3.12 | 0.71 0.18 to 2.70 | 0.69 0.16 to 2.86 | 0.66 0.20 to 2.08 | 0.62 0.26 to 1.50 | 0.47 0.17 to 1.36 | 0.45 0.16 to 1.27 | 0.44 0.16 to 1.37 | 0.44 0.05 to 2.46 | 0.31 0.01 to 3.81 | 0.24 0.02 to 1.45 |
| DAPIGL_SC | 2.07 0.57 to 9.45 | 11.27 0.47 to 710 | 9.75 2.03 to 57.18 | 8.68 0.23 to 654 | 6.02 0.58 to 99.32 | 2.18 0.24 to 20.96 | 1.83 0.41 to 9.50 | 1.69 0.33 to 9.93 | 1.64 0.35 to 9.60 | 1.46 0.36 to 7.26 | 1.32 0.27 to 7.46 | 1.24 0.32 to 5.79 | 1.18 0.14 to 9.29 | 1.15 0.08 to 12.16 | 1.12 0.24 to 5.96 | DAPIGL_SC | 0.98 0.21 to 5.20 | 0.94 0.25 to 4.27 | 0.85 0.18 to 4.69 | 0.84 0.20 to 4.13 | 0.81 0.12 to 5.51 | 0.81 0.14 to 4.98 | 0.78 0.13 to 5.03 | 0.75 0.15 to 4.16 | 0.70 0.18 to 3.23 | 0.53 0.12 to 2.82 | 0.50 0.11 to 2.60 | 0.50 0.11 to 2.68 | 0.48 0.04 to 4.10 | 0.34 0.01 to 6.08 | 0.27 0.02 to 2.46 |
| LOTI_PO | 2.10 1.03 to 4.47 | 10.87 0.59 to 606 | 9.96 3.35 to 30.99 | 8.92 0.28 to 587 | 5.86 0.78 to 81.03 | 2.19 0.34 to 14.32 | 1.86 0.68 to 5.23 | 1.70 0.51 to 5.65 | 1.69 0.56 to 5.13 | 1.48 0.71 to 3.33 | 1.34 0.44 to 4.03 | 1.25 0.58 to 2.83 | 1.22 0.18 to 5.93 | 1.19 0.10 to 8.66 | 1.15 0.38 to 3.35 | 1.02 0.19 to 4.71 | LOTI_PO | 0.95 0.45 to 2.10 | 0.87 0.29 to 2.57 | 0.85 0.34 to 2.07 | 0.83 0.17 to 3.22 | 0.83 0.20 to 2.93 | 0.79 0.19 to 2.89 | 0.76 0.23 to 2.22 | 0.71 0.32 to 1.60 | 0.54 0.19 to 1.48 | 0.51 0.19 to 1.38 | 0.51 0.19 to 1.49 | 0.50 0.05 to 2.66 | 0.35 0.01 to 4.24 | 0.27 0.03 to 1.62 |
| SEMA_SC | 2.21 1.79 to 2.79 | 11.42 0.69 to 614 | 10.35 4.61 to 25.84 | 9.15 0.31 to 567 | 6.05 0.93 to 72.34 | 2.28 0.41 to 13.21 | 1.96 0.95 to 3.97 | 1.79 0.67 to 4.69 | 1.77 0.74 to 4.15 | 1.56 0.87 to 3.03 | 1.41 0.59 to 3.28 | 1.32 0.95 to 1.88 | 1.29 0.21 to 5.22 | 1.26 0.11 to 8.15 | 1.21 0.51 to 2.71 | 1.07 0.23 to 4.02 | 1.06 0.48 to 2.20 | SEMA_SC | 0.91 0.38 to 2.12 | 0.88 0.50 to 1.60 | 0.88 0.20 to 2.92 | 0.87 0.25 to 2.45 | 0.84 0.24 to 2.55 | 0.80 0.31 to 1.81 | 0.74 0.52 to 1.08 | 0.57 0.29 to 1.08 | 0.54 0.28 to 1.00 | 0.53 0.26 to 1.15 | 0.53 0.06 to 2.40 | 0.37 0.01 to 4.02 | 0.29 0.03 to 1.38 |
| BOFANG_SC | 2.42 1.09 to 5.72 | 12.77 0.63 to 716 | 11.50 3.71 to 38.83 | 10.07 0.31 to 656 | 6.81 0.88 to 86.56 | 2.48 0.39 to 17.40 | 2.14 0.75 to 6.49 | 1.96 0.57 to 6.74 | 1.93 0.60 to 6.52 | 1.72 0.67 to 4.83 | 1.54 0.48 to 5.04 | 1.45 0.62 to 3.64 | 1.42 0.21 to 7.18 | 1.39 0.11 to 10.53 | 1.31 0.41 to 4.09 | 1.17 0.21 to 5.71 | 1.15 0.39 to 3.46 | 1.10 0.47 to 2.64 | BOFANG_SC | 0.98 0.37 to 2.61 | 0.97 0.18 to 4.11 | 0.94 0.24 to 3.72 | 0.91 0.21 to 3.70 | 0.87 0.26 to 2.77 | 0.82 0.34 to 2.02 | 0.62 0.22 to 1.75 | 0.60 0.21 to 1.63 | 0.59 0.20 to 1.82 | 0.58 0.06 to 3.25 | 0.42 0.01 to 5.09 | 0.32 0.03 to 1.93 |
| ORFO_PO | 2.49 1.47 to 4.25 | 12.99 0.75 to 717 | 11.80 4.44 to 32.26 | 10.20 0.33 to 646 | 6.78 1.00 to 87.03 | 2.57 0.43 to 15.85 | 2.20 0.93 to 5.31 | 2.02 0.67 to 5.76 | 1.98 0.72 to 5.19 | 1.75 0.83 to 3.98 | 1.58 0.58 to 4.22 | 1.50 0.81 to 2.76 | 1.43 0.23 to 6.32 | 1.40 0.12 to 9.25 | 1.34 0.50 to 3.47 | 1.20 0.24 to 4.93 | 1.18 0.48 to 2.91 | 1.13 0.63 to 2.01 | 1.02 0.38 to 2.67 | ORFO_PO | 0.98 0.22 to 3.62 | 0.97 0.26 to 3.05 | 0.95 0.25 to 3.22 | 0.90 0.31 to 2.30 | 0.84 0.43 to 1.58 | 0.64 0.27 to 1.48 | 0.61 0.26 to 1.37 | 0.61 0.26 to 1.51 | 0.59 0.07 to 3.00 | 0.42 0.01 to 4.76 | 0.33 0.04 to 1.76 |
| VK2735_SC | 2.52 0.79 to 10.83 | 13.68 0.56 to 879 | 12.22 2.88 to 65.04 | 10.88 0.32 to 765 | 7.19 0.73 to 119 | 2.71 0.32 to 24.57 | 2.24 0.57 to 11.16 | 2.06 0.44 to 11.31 | 2.03 0.47 to 10.89 | 1.80 0.49 to 8.51 | 1.61 0.37 to 8.52 | 1.51 0.45 to 6.62 | 1.44 0.17 to 10.90 | 1.42 0.10 to 14.37 | 1.37 0.32 to 7.14 | 1.23 0.18 to 8.44 | 1.20 0.31 to 5.94 | 1.14 0.34 to 5.05 | 1.04 0.24 to 5.55 | 1.02 0.28 to 4.62 | VK2735_SC | 0.99 0.18 to 5.82 | 0.95 0.17 to 5.81 | 0.89 0.20 to 4.64 | 0.85 0.25 to 3.78 | 0.65 0.16 to 3.21 | 0.61 0.15 to 3.00 | 0.61 0.15 to 3.03 | 0.60 0.05 to 4.88 | 0.43 0.01 to 6.85 | 0.33 0.03 to 2.90 |
| VCT220_PO | 2.55 0.95 to 8.59 | 13.92 0.60 to 786 | 12.25 3.26 to 53.24 | 10.87 0.32 to 750 | 7.26 0.86 to 111 | 2.67 0.35 to 21.19 | 2.26 0.66 to 9.04 | 2.06 0.51 to 9.29 | 2.04 0.54 to 8.59 | 1.81 0.57 to 7.20 | 1.63 0.43 to 7.23 | 1.53 0.54 to 5.24 | 1.48 0.19 to 9.23 | 1.44 0.10 to 12.85 | 1.40 0.37 to 5.57 | 1.23 0.20 to 6.95 | 1.21 0.34 to 5.03 | 1.14 0.41 to 4.00 | 1.06 0.27 to 4.25 | 1.03 0.33 to 3.85 | 1.01 0.17 to 5.61 | VCT220_PO | 0.97 0.19 to 4.90 | 0.92 0.23 to 3.89 | 0.85 0.29 to 3.06 | 0.66 0.18 to 2.64 | 0.62 0.18 to 2.46 | 0.62 0.18 to 2.54 | 0.61 0.06 to 4.43 | 0.43 0.01 to 6.23 | 0.33 0.03 to 2.48 |
| HRS7535_PO | 2.64 0.87 to 8.94 | 14.07 0.63 to 919 | 12.56 3.14 to 55.76 | 11.19 0.32 to 843 | 7.47 0.84 to 112 | 2.75 0.34 to 23.55 | 2.36 0.63 to 9.63 | 2.15 0.48 to 9.87 | 2.12 0.52 to 9.33 | 1.88 0.55 to 7.16 | 1.68 0.42 to 7.33 | 1.58 0.50 to 5.64 | 1.55 0.18 to 9.57 | 1.48 0.11 to 13.57 | 1.45 0.35 to 6.08 | 1.28 0.20 to 7.83 | 1.26 0.35 to 5.24 | 1.19 0.39 to 4.09 | 1.10 0.27 to 4.83 | 1.06 0.31 to 4.07 | 1.05 0.17 to 5.80 | 1.03 0.20 to 5.33 | HRS7535_PO | 0.95 0.23 to 4.23 | 0.88 0.28 to 3.17 | 0.68 0.18 to 2.68 | 0.65 0.17 to 2.58 | 0.65 0.17 to 2.71 | 0.63 0.06 to 4.52 | 0.44 0.02 to 6.24 | 0.35 0.03 to 2.59 |
| MAZD_SC | 2.78 1.27 to 6.98 | 14.88 0.74 to 889 | 13.22 4.30 to 44.31 | 11.65 0.36 to 874 | 7.85 1.01 to 108 | 2.87 0.44 to 20.43 | 2.47 0.85 to 7.79 | 2.26 0.64 to 8.06 | 2.22 0.70 to 7.49 | 1.97 0.76 to 5.83 | 1.76 0.56 to 6.08 | 1.66 0.72 to 4.33 | 1.60 0.23 to 8.39 | 1.57 0.13 to 11.63 | 1.51 0.48 to 4.94 | 1.34 0.24 to 6.78 | 1.32 0.45 to 4.28 | 1.25 0.55 to 3.22 | 1.15 0.36 to 3.87 | 1.12 0.44 to 3.21 | 1.12 0.22 to 4.95 | 1.08 0.26 to 4.37 | 1.05 0.24 to 4.34 | MAZD_SC | 0.93 0.39 to 2.47 | 0.71 0.25 to 2.11 | 0.68 0.24 to 2.02 | 0.68 0.24 to 2.23 | 0.66 0.07 to 3.92 | 0.48 0.02 to 6.03 | 0.37 0.04 to 2.30 |
| TIRZ_SC | 2.98 2.14 to 4.20 | 15.29 0.89 to 810 | 13.92 6.43 to 34.24 | 12.24 0.43 to 784 | 8.16 1.27 to 104 | 3.08 0.55 to 17.90 | 2.65 1.23 to 5.62 | 2.40 0.86 to 6.38 | 2.39 0.95 to 5.70 | 2.10 1.11 to 4.25 | 1.90 0.75 to 4.69 | 1.78 1.19 to 2.77 | 1.72 0.27 to 7.26 | 1.69 0.15 to 11.18 | 1.61 0.67 to 3.84 | 1.43 0.31 to 5.59 | 1.42 0.62 to 3.12 | 1.35 0.93 to 1.94 | 1.22 0.50 to 2.96 | 1.19 0.63 to 2.31 | 1.18 0.26 to 4.02 | 1.17 0.33 to 3.40 | 1.13 0.32 to 3.60 | 1.07 0.40 to 2.57 | TIRZ_SC | 0.76 0.36 to 1.55 | 0.73 0.35 to 1.47 | 0.72 0.34 to 1.64 | 0.72 0.08 to 3.39 | 0.50 0.02 to 5.52 | 0.39 0.05 to 1.98 |
| OTHER_ACTIVE_bimagrumab | 3.92 2.03 to 7.82 | 20.37 1.10 to 1128 | 18.61 6.63 to 55.33 | 16.22 0.54 to 1032 | 10.95 1.51 to 134 | 4.04 0.65 to 26.79 | 3.46 1.38 to 8.81 | 3.16 1.00 to 9.87 | 3.10 1.08 to 9.27 | 2.78 1.17 to 7.02 | 2.50 0.85 to 7.15 | 2.35 1.17 to 4.94 | 2.24 0.34 to 10.72 | 2.21 0.19 to 15.69 | 2.13 0.74 to 5.95 | 1.88 0.35 to 8.28 | 1.86 0.68 to 5.14 | 1.77 0.92 to 3.44 | 1.60 0.57 to 4.65 | 1.57 0.68 to 3.76 | 1.55 0.31 to 6.26 | 1.52 0.38 to 5.46 | 1.48 0.37 to 5.48 | 1.40 0.47 to 3.99 | 1.31 0.64 to 2.76 | OTHER_ACTIVE_bimagrumab | 0.95 0.49 to 1.82 | 0.95 0.37 to 2.59 | 0.93 0.10 to 5.03 | 0.66 0.02 to 7.74 | 0.52 0.06 to 2.85 |
| BIMASEMA_SC | 4.10 2.17 to 7.98 | 21.11 1.17 to 1124 | 19.48 7.02 to 57.24 | 17.14 0.56 to 1131 | 11.48 1.60 to 147 | 4.25 0.67 to 27.94 | 3.65 1.46 to 9.46 | 3.29 1.05 to 10.40 | 3.27 1.12 to 9.89 | 2.89 1.29 to 7.20 | 2.60 0.92 to 7.57 | 2.45 1.21 to 5.03 | 2.35 0.36 to 11.14 | 2.32 0.20 to 16.52 | 2.23 0.79 to 6.31 | 1.99 0.38 to 8.86 | 1.95 0.73 to 5.39 | 1.85 1.00 to 3.53 | 1.68 0.61 to 4.84 | 1.64 0.73 to 3.88 | 1.63 0.33 to 6.57 | 1.60 0.41 to 5.57 | 1.55 0.39 to 5.91 | 1.47 0.49 to 4.14 | 1.38 0.68 to 2.84 | 1.05 0.55 to 2.03 | BIMASEMA_SC | 0.99 0.40 to 2.71 | 0.98 0.11 to 5.08 | 0.70 0.03 to 8.20 | 0.54 0.06 to 3.00 |
| ORLISTAT | 4.14 1.98 to 8.26 | 21.17 1.12 to 1149 | 19.57 6.66 to 57.12 | 16.85 0.55 to 1070 | 11.53 1.57 to 146 | 4.26 0.64 to 27.46 | 3.68 1.36 to 9.11 | 3.33 1.00 to 10.24 | 3.30 1.06 to 9.64 | 2.93 1.18 to 7.06 | 2.64 0.84 to 7.53 | 2.48 1.21 to 4.84 | 2.36 0.35 to 10.90 | 2.31 0.19 to 16.64 | 2.25 0.73 to 6.40 | 1.99 0.37 to 8.97 | 1.98 0.67 to 5.19 | 1.88 0.87 to 3.80 | 1.71 0.55 to 4.99 | 1.65 0.66 to 3.91 | 1.63 0.33 to 6.59 | 1.61 0.39 to 5.52 | 1.55 0.37 to 5.77 | 1.47 0.45 to 4.14 | 1.39 0.61 to 2.97 | 1.06 0.39 to 2.69 | 1.01 0.37 to 2.47 | ORLISTAT | 0.97 0.11 to 5.25 | 0.68 0.02 to 8.14 | 0.54 0.06 to 3.02 |
| DANU_PO | 4.17 0.92 to 35.06 | 23.26 0.86 to 2114 | 20.25 3.50 to 198 | 19.45 0.42 to 1678 | 12.18 0.97 to 293 | 4.43 0.45 to 66.53 | 3.71 0.68 to 34.68 | 3.39 0.57 to 32.69 | 3.35 0.60 to 30.42 | 2.98 0.61 to 26.40 | 2.66 0.47 to 24.97 | 2.49 0.53 to 20.81 | 2.44 0.23 to 30.40 | 2.38 0.14 to 36.24 | 2.29 0.41 to 20.56 | 2.08 0.24 to 23.96 | 2.00 0.38 to 18.51 | 1.89 0.42 to 15.78 | 1.71 0.31 to 16.50 | 1.68 0.33 to 14.30 | 1.68 0.20 to 18.71 | 1.65 0.23 to 17.61 | 1.58 0.22 to 16.30 | 1.51 0.25 to 14.58 | 1.39 0.30 to 11.90 | 1.08 0.20 to 10.00 | 1.02 0.20 to 9.43 | 1.03 0.19 to 9.32 | DANU_PO | 0.72 0.02 to 17.57 | 0.56 0.04 to 7.20 |
| MARI_SC | 6.03 0.56 to 155 | 35.12 0.66 to 5923 | 28.59 2.24 to 781 | 26.59 0.38 to 4429 | 17.79 0.78 to 923 | 6.30 0.31 to 218 | 5.31 0.44 to 140 | 4.75 0.38 to 141 | 4.87 0.38 to 137 | 4.24 0.38 to 115 | 3.79 0.31 to 106 | 3.56 0.33 to 93.79 | 3.42 0.18 to 112 | 3.36 0.12 to 133 | 3.19 0.26 to 89.10 | 2.91 0.16 to 89.84 | 2.85 0.24 to 75.20 | 2.69 0.25 to 71.16 | 2.40 0.20 to 66.97 | 2.40 0.21 to 67.75 | 2.31 0.15 to 68.24 | 2.35 0.16 to 68.88 | 2.25 0.16 to 66.66 | 2.11 0.17 to 60.41 | 1.99 0.18 to 55.03 | 1.52 0.13 to 40.71 | 1.42 0.12 to 39.16 | 1.47 0.12 to 40.64 | 1.38 0.06 to 52.92 | MARI_SC | 0.78 0.03 to 28.71 |
| TG103_SC | 7.57 1.59 to 63.79 | 42.91 1.41 to 3489 | 36.42 6.26 to 335 | 33.72 0.72 to 3159 | 22.24 1.80 to 537 | 8.22 0.75 to 117 | 6.82 1.21 to 61.84 | 6.23 0.96 to 58.79 | 6.06 1.00 to 56.95 | 5.41 0.99 to 49.85 | 4.82 0.82 to 45.42 | 4.54 0.93 to 38.35 | 4.34 0.40 to 56.63 | 4.39 0.25 to 70.02 | 4.13 0.69 to 40.71 | 3.73 0.41 to 43.31 | 3.64 0.62 to 34.46 | 3.44 0.73 to 28.92 | 3.16 0.52 to 31.25 | 3.05 0.57 to 26.01 | 3.01 0.34 to 32.86 | 3.00 0.40 to 31.22 | 2.88 0.39 to 30.17 | 2.73 0.43 to 26.94 | 2.55 0.50 to 21.80 | 1.94 0.35 to 17.56 | 1.84 0.33 to 17.07 | 1.85 0.33 to 17.32 | 1.79 0.14 to 25.53 | 1.28 0.03 to 32.05 | TG103_SC |
Heterogeneity, fit and convergence
Bayesian random effects (primary)
Inconsistency
Do trials comparing two treatments directly agree with the indirect evidence through other treatments?
No comparison here has both direct and indirect evidence, so inconsistency cannot be checked by node splitting.
Small study effects
A comparison adjusted funnel plot: each point is one trial comparison, centered on its own network estimate. Asymmetry can signal that small trials with unfavorable results are missing.
Fewer than ten trial comparisons, too few to judge funnel plot asymmetry.
Comparability of the trials
Checked across designs (the set of treatments each trial compares) for eligibility, outcome definition and assessment, and the baseline factors above. Flags point to possible intransitivity; notes describe variation that is not tied to design.
- NoteOutcome assessment, time point: selected time points span 4.29 to 193 weeks
- NoteOutcome assessment, analysis set: mixed: randomized 12, safety 42
- NoteOutcome assessment, definition: mixed: deaths in safety population 1, nausea 1, not stated 51, participants with serious treatment emergent adverse events 1
- NoteOutcome assessment, intercurrent events (discontinuation): mixed: not stated 53, while_on_treatment 1
- NoteOutcome assessment, intercurrent events (rescue): mixed: not stated 53, treatment_policy 1
- NoteRisk of bias, blinding: mixed: double_blind 47, open_label 5, single_blind 2
- NoteRisk of bias, funding: mixed: industry 46, mixed 4, non_industry 3, not_reported 1
- NoteData handling, input conversions: arms_combined 29, nonserious_only 44, printed_denominator 8
| Trial | analysis set | time weeks | definition | instrument | adjudicated | proportion method | intercurrent events (discontinuation) | intercurrent events (rescue) | blinding | funding | start year | Eligibility |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| STEP 5 | safety | 111 | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | double_blind | industry | 2018 | age 18 or older; BMI 30 or more, or 27 or more with comorbidity; no diabetes; HbA1c below 6.5 percent |
| NCT04707313 | safety | 37 | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | double_blind | industry | 2021 | age 18 to 75; BMI 30 or higher; no diabetes; stable weight |
| TOGETHER-PsO | safety | 36 | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | open_label | industry | 2024 | adults; moderate to severe plaque psoriasis; PASI 12 or more; BMI 30 or more, or 27 to 30 with comorbidity |
| NCT04081337 | randomized | 22 | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | double_blind | industry | 2020 | age 18 to 60; BMI 30 to 45; no diabetes; at least one metabolic impairment |
| SURMOUNT-5 | safety | 72 | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | open_label | industry | 2023 | adults; BMI 30 or more, or 27 with complication; no diabetes |
| NCT05268627 | randomized | 16 | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | open_label | non_industry | 2021 | BMI above 30; age 20 to 60 years |
| STEP 1 | safety | 75 | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | while_on_treatment | treatment_policy | double_blind | industry | 2018 | adults; BMI 30 or more, or 27 or more with a weight related condition; no diabetes; HbA1c below 6.5 percent |
| NCT04311411 | safety | 10 | nausea | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | double_blind | industry | 2020 | adults 18 to 65, BMI 27 to 50, no diabetes, HbA1c below 6.5 |
| NCT03041792 | safety | 10.43 | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | double_blind | industry | 2017 | age 18 to 75; BMI 30 to 40; no diabetes; HbA1c below 6.5 percent |
| BARI-STEP | randomized | 74 | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | double_blind | mixed | 2022 | age 18 to 65; at least 1 year after primary bypass or sleeve; less than 20 percent weight loss from surgery |
| NCT05579977 | safety | 28 | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | double_blind | industry | 2022 | age 18 to 75; T2D cohort on metformin, HbA1c 7.0 to 10.0, BMI 23 or more; obesity cohort BMI 30 or more without diabetes |
| BARIOPTIMISE | randomized | 28 | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | double_blind | mixed | 2018 | adults at least 1 year after RYGB or sleeve gastrectomy with 20 percent or less weight loss and suboptimal GLP-1 response |
| NCT00500370 | safety | 28 | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | double_blind | industry | 2007 | adults with BMI 30 or more, without diabetes |
| VENTURE | safety | 19 | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | double_blind | industry | 2023 | age over 18; BMI 30 or more, or 27 or more with comorbidity; BMI 50 or less; no diabetes |
| NCT05616013 | safety | 48 | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | open_label | industry | 2022 | adults 18 to 80; BMI 30 or more, or 27 or more with comorbidity; no diabetes (HbA1c below 6.5 percent); weight below 150 kg |
| NCT02075281 | safety | 26 | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | double_blind | industry | 2014 | age 18 to 64 years; BMI 30 to 42, or 27 to 30 with comorbidity; FPG below 7 mmol/L; HbA1c 6.5 percent or less; no diabetes |
| STEP 10 | safety | 57 | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | double_blind | industry | 2021 | Adults with obesity and prediabetes; diabetes excluded |
| NCT02160990 | randomized | 4.29 | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | double_blind | non_industry | 2014 | Adults; BMI 30 to 40; accelerated gastric emptying; no diabetes |
| ACCESS | safety | 36 | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | double_blind | industry | 2024 | age 18 to 79; BMI 30 or more, or 27 or more with comorbidity; HbA1c below 6.5 percent; weight above 80 kg; no diabetes |
| NCT01590433 | randomized | 52 | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | single_blind | mixed | 2012 | women 18 to 70 years, BMI 25 to 48, no diabetes |
| STEP 3 | safety | 75 | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | double_blind | industry | 2018 | BMI 30 or more, or 27 with comorbidity; no type 2 diabetes |
| NCT03842202 | safety | 27 | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | double_blind | industry | 2019 | age 18 to 65; BMI 30.0 to 45.0; HbA1c below 48 mmol/mol |
| NCT02647944 | randomized | 16 | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | double_blind | not_reported | 2015 | adults with obesity |
| SURMOUNT-1 | safety | 193 | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | double_blind | industry | 2019 | age 18 or older; BMI 30 or more, or 27 or more with a weight related complication; no diabetes |
| SURMOUNT-CN | safety | 56 | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | double_blind | industry | 2021 | Chinese adults; BMI 28 or more, or 24 or more with a weight related comorbidity; no diabetes |
| NCT04478708 | safety | 29.43 | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | double_blind | industry | 2020 | age 18 to 65; BMI 30 to 40; HbA1c at most 6.5 or fasting glucose below 125 mg/dL |
| NCT04904913 | safety | 36 | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | double_blind | industry | 2021 | Chinese adults 18 to 75; BMI 28 or more, or 24 or more with comorbidity or hyperphagia; no diabetes, HbA1c below 6.5 |
| Dapalost | safety | 24 | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | double_blind | industry | 2014 | age 18 to 70; BMI 30 to 45 kg/m2; no diabetes |
| NCT00781937 | safety | 57 | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | double_blind | industry | 2008 | BMI 30 or more or 27 with comorbidity; no diabetes; at least 5 percent loss on run in |
| STEP7 | safety | 51 | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | double_blind | industry | 2020 | age 18 or older; BMI 30 or more, or 27 or more with a weight related comorbidity including T2D |
| STABLE Wt Loss | randomized | 60 | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | double_blind | industry | 2022 | age 18 to 70; BMI 30 or more, or 27 or more with comorbidity; no diabetes; HbA1c 6.5 percent or less |
| NCT03101930 | safety | 14 | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | double_blind | mixed | 2017 | age 18 to 65; BMI >=30 kg/m2; prediabetes by ADA criteria; no diabetes |
| OASIS 1 | safety | 75 | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | double_blind | industry | 2021 | overweight or obesity |
| NCT03856047 | safety | 26 | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | double_blind | industry | 2019 | age 18 or older; BMI 30 or more, or 27 or more with hypertension or dyslipidemia; no diabetes |
| NCT05623839 | safety | 27 | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | double_blind | industry | 2022 | age 18 to 70; BMI 27 to 50; HbA1c below 6.5 percent; no diabetes |
| STEP 8 | safety | 75 | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | double_blind | industry | 2019 | age 18 or older; BMI 30 or higher, or 27 with a weight related comorbidity; no type 2 diabetes |
| NCT04881760 | safety | 52 | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | double_blind | industry | 2021 | 18 to 75 years; BMI 30 or more, or 27 to less than 30 with weight related complication; no type 2 diabetes |
| STRIVE | safety | 104 | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | open_label | industry | 2017 | age 18 to 75; BMI 35 or more plus prediabetes, T2D, hypertension or sleep apnea; no insulin or GLP-1 RA |
| ATTAIN-1 | safety | 74 | deaths in safety population | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | double_blind | industry | 2023 | adults BMI 30 or more, or 27 or more with a weight related complication, without diabetes |
| TOGETHER-PsA | safety | 36 | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | single_blind | industry | 2024 | age 18 to 80; active psoriatic arthritis; BMI 30 or more, or 27 to 30 with a weight related comorbidity |
| DREAM | randomized | 16 | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | double_blind | industry | 2023 | age 18 to 75; BMI 30 or more; no diabetes, HbA1c below 48 mmol/mol |
| STEP 6 | safety | 75 | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | double_blind | industry | 2019 | |
| SURMOUNT-3 | safety | 76 | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | double_blind | industry | 2021 | age 18 or older; BMI 30 or more, or 27 or more with comorbidity; no diabetes; at least 5 percent loss in lead in |
| NCT06250946 | safety | 36 | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | double_blind | industry | 2024 | age 18 to 65; BMI 28 to 40; no diabetes, HbA1c below 6.5 percent |
| NCT01557166 | safety | 34 | participants with serious treatment emergent adverse events | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | double_blind | industry | 2012 | age 18 to 64; BMI 30 or more; AHI 15 or more; no diabetes; unable or unwilling to use CPAP |
| NCT02453711 | safety | 59 | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | double_blind | industry | 2015 | BMI 30 or more without diabetes |
| NCT05051579 | safety | 38 | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | double_blind | industry | 2021 | adults BMI 30 or more, or 27 to 30 with a weight related complication, without diabetes |
| NCT06569355 | safety | 18 | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | double_blind | industry | 2023 | age 18 to 75; BMI 28 or more, or 24 to 28 with comorbidity; no diabetes |
| FALCON | safety | 16 | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | double_blind | industry | 2025 | age 18 to 75; BMI 27 to below 50 with comorbidity if below 30; HbA1c below 6.5 |
| NCT06256562 | safety | 33 | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | double_blind | industry | 2023 | age 18 to 75; BMI 24 to <28 kg/m2 with comorbidity or 28 or more (Chinese criteria); no diabetes |
| NCT04838405 | randomized | 24 | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | double_blind | industry | 2021 | age 18 to 65, BMI 25 or more (30 or more in cohorts 7 and 8), no diabetes |
| S002970 | randomized | 26.07 | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | double_blind | non_industry | 2019 | age 20 to 75; BMI 27 to 40; impaired glucose tolerance by OGTT; no diabetes |
| NCT04855292 | safety | 14 | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | double_blind | industry | 2021 | age 18 to 75; BMI 26 or more; weight 60 kg or more; HbA1c below 6.5; no diabetes |
| S003067 | randomized | 52 | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | double_blind | industry | 2007 | age 18 to 65; BMI 30 to 40; FPG below 7 mmol/L; no diabetes |
Trial data
What each trial contributes. Arm rows give the arm value with its standard error, or events over participants; contrast rows give the hazard ratio (from event counts) on the analysis scale (log) against the trial's first row. Flags mark converted, combined or approximated inputs.
| Trial | Arm | Treatment | Week | Data | Value | SE | Events / N | Flags | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TOGETHER-PsO | A1 | STANDARD_CARE | 36 | arm, events | 2 / 134 | printed_denominator | R0014237:Table 3 | ||
| TOGETHER-PsO | A2 | TIRZ_SC | 36 | arm, events | 20 / 138 | printed_denominator | R0014237:Table 3 | ||
| NCT04081337 | A1 | PLACEBO | 22 | arm, events | 2 / 28 | R0004227:Supplement Table S1 | |||
| NCT04081337 | A2 | TIRZ_SC | 22 | arm, events | 6 / 27 | R0004227:Supplement Table S1 | |||
| SURMOUNT-5 | A1 | TIRZ_SC | 72 | arm, events | 88 / 375 | nonserious_only | registry:adverse_events | ||
| SURMOUNT-5 | A2 | SEMA_SC | 72 | arm, events | 88 / 376 | nonserious_only | registry:adverse_events | ||
| NCT05268627 | A1 | OTHER_ACTIVE_botulinum_toxin | 16 | arm, events | 0 / 20 | R0006920:Results | |||
| NCT05268627 | A2 | LIRA_SC | 16 | arm, events | 1 / 20 | R0006920:Results | |||
| STEP 1 | A1 | SEMA_SC | 75 | arm, events | 412 / 1,306 | R0023399:Table 3 | |||
| STEP 1 | A2 | PLACEBO | 75 | arm, events | 104 / 655 | R0023399:Table 3 | |||
| STEP 5 | A1 | SEMA_SC | 111 | arm, events | 53 / 152 | R0021896:Table 3 | |||
| STEP 5 | A2 | PLACEBO | 111 | arm, events | 36 / 152 | R0021896:Table 3 | |||
| NCT04707313 | A11+A12+A13 | DANU_PO | 37 | arm, events | 25 / 110 | arms_combined | R0005921:Table 2 | ||
| NCT04707313 | A2 | PLACEBO | 37 | arm, events | 1 / 19 | R0005921:Table 2 | |||
| NCT04311411 | A1 | PLACEBO | 10 | arm, events | 2 / 39 | nonserious_only | registry:adverse_events | ||
| NCT04311411 | A2 | LIRA_SC | 10 | arm, events | 1 / 38 | nonserious_only | registry:adverse_events | ||
| NCT04311411 | A3 | TIRZ_SC | 10 | arm, events | 5 / 37 | nonserious_only | registry:adverse_events | ||
| NCT03041792 | A1 | LIRA_SC | 10.43 | arm, events | 11 / 32 | R0023522:Table 2 | |||
| NCT03041792 | A2 | PLACEBO | 10.43 | arm, events | 4 / 29 | R0023522:Table 2 | |||
| BARI-STEP | A1 | PLACEBO | 74 | arm, events | 14 / 35 | R0014003:Table 3 | |||
| BARI-STEP | A2 | SEMA_SC | 74 | arm, events | 21 / 35 | R0014003:Table 3 | |||
| NCT05579977 | A1+A8 | PLACEBO | 28 | arm, events | 13 / 139 | arms_combined | R0004106:Table 2 | ||
| NCT05579977 | A10+A11+A12+A13+A2+A3+A4+A5+A6+A9 | LOTI_PO | 28 | arm, events | 107 / 690 | arms_combined | R0004106:Table 2 | ||
| NCT05579977 | A7 | SEMA_PO | 28 | arm, events | 6 / 73 | R0004106:Table 2 | |||
| BARIOPTIMISE | A1 | PLACEBO | 28 | arm, events | 2 / 35 | R0017334:Table 3 | |||
| BARIOPTIMISE | A2 | LIRA_SC | 28 | arm, events | 2 / 35 | R0017334:Table 3 | |||
| NCT00500370 | A1 | EXEN_SC | 28 | arm, events | 10 / 80 | nonserious_only | registry:adverse_events | ||
| NCT00500370 | A2 | PLACEBO | 28 | arm, events | 2 / 83 | nonserious_only | registry:adverse_events | ||
| VENTURE | A1 | PLACEBO | 19 | arm, events | 3 / 35 | R0011224:Table 3 | |||
| VENTURE | A2+A3+A4+A5 | VK2735_SC | 19 | arm, events | 28 / 141 | arms_combined | R0011224:Table 3 | ||
| NCT05616013 | A1 | PLACEBO | 48 | arm, events | 3 / 56 | R0015266:Table 3 | |||
| NCT05616013 | A2+A3 | OTHER_ACTIVE_bimagrumab | 48 | arm, events | 51 / 113 | arms_combined | R0015266:Table 3 | ||
| NCT05616013 | A4+A5 | SEMA_SC | 48 | arm, events | 39 / 113 | arms_combined | R0015266:Table 3 | ||
| NCT05616013 | A6+A7+A8+A9 | BIMASEMA_SC | 48 | arm, events | 105 / 225 | arms_combined | R0015266:Table 3 | ||
| NCT02075281 | A1 | PLACEBO | 26 | arm, events | 12 / 60 | R0011218:Table 3 | |||
| NCT02075281 | A2+A3+A4+A5 | EFPE_SC | 26 | arm, events | 57 / 237 | arms_combined | R0011218:Table 3 | ||
| STEP 10 | A1 | SEMA_SC | 57 | arm, events | 17 / 138 | nonserious_only | registry:adverse_events | ||
| STEP 10 | A2 | PLACEBO | 57 | arm, events | 7 / 69 | nonserious_only | registry:adverse_events | ||
| NCT02160990 | A1 | PLACEBO | 4.29 | arm, events | 0 / 10 | R0020690:Results | |||
| NCT02160990 | A2 | EXEN_SC | 4.29 | arm, events | 0 / 10 | R0020690:Results | |||
| ACCESS | A1+A2+A3 | ALENIG_PO | 36 | arm, events | 59 / 174 | arms_combined | R0000892:Table 2 | ||
| ACCESS | A4 | PLACEBO | 36 | arm, events | 13 / 56 | R0000892:Table 2 | |||
| NCT01590433 | A1 | EXEN_SC | 52 | arm, events | 24 / 127 | nonserious_only | registry:adverse_events | ||
| NCT01590433 | A2 | PLACEBO | 52 | arm, events | 9 / 55 | nonserious_only | registry:adverse_events | ||
| STEP 3 | A1 | SEMA_SC | 75 | arm, events | 147 / 407 | nonserious_only | registry:adverse_events | ||
| STEP 3 | A2 | PLACEBO | 75 | arm, events | 45 / 204 | nonserious_only | registry:adverse_events | ||
| NCT03842202 | A1 | SEMA_SC | 27 | arm, events | 16 / 36 | R0023297:Supplement Table S3 | |||
| NCT03842202 | A2 | PLACEBO | 27 | arm, events | 4 / 36 | R0023297:Supplement Table S3 | |||
| NCT02647944 | A1 | LIRA_SC | 16 | arm, events | 1 / 19 | nonserious_only | registry:adverse_events | ||
| NCT02647944 | A2 | PLACEBO | 16 | arm, events | 3 / 21 | nonserious_only | registry:adverse_events | ||
| SURMOUNT-1 | A1 | PLACEBO | 193 | arm, events | 51 / 643 | nonserious_only | registry:adverse_events | ||
| SURMOUNT-1 | A2+A3+A4 | TIRZ_SC | 193 | arm, events | 420 / 1,896 | nonserious_only;arms_combined | registry:adverse_events | ||
| SURMOUNT-CN | A1+A2 | TIRZ_SC | 56 | arm, events | 57 / 141 | nonserious_only;arms_combined | registry:adverse_events | ||
| SURMOUNT-CN | A3 | PLACEBO | 56 | arm, events | 6 / 69 | nonserious_only | registry:adverse_events | ||
| NCT04478708 | A10+A11+A14+A9 | MARI_SC | 29.43 | arm, events | 5 / 30 | printed_denominator;nonserious_only;printed_denominator;arms_combined | R0006305:Table 2 | ||
| NCT04478708 | A15+A8 | PLACEBO | 29.43 | arm, events | 0 / 9 | nonserious_only;printed_denominator;printed_denominator;arms_combined | registry:adverse_events | ||
| NCT04904913 | A1+A2+A3 | MAZD_SC | 36 | arm, events | 50 / 186 | arms_combined | R0016107:Table 4 | ||
| NCT04904913 | A4 | PLACEBO | 36 | arm, events | 9 / 62 | R0016107:Table 4 | |||
| Dapalost | A1 | EXENER_SC | 24 | arm, events | 3 / 25 | R0025627:Table 3 | |||
| Dapalost | A2 | PLACEBO | 24 | arm, events | 3 / 25 | R0025627:Table 3 | |||
| NCT00781937 | A1 | LIRA_SC | 57 | arm, events | 38 / 212 | nonserious_only | registry:adverse_events | ||
| NCT00781937 | A2 | PLACEBO | 57 | arm, events | 26 / 210 | nonserious_only | registry:adverse_events | ||
| STEP7 | A1 | SEMA_SC | 51 | arm, events | 65 / 249 | nonserious_only | registry:adverse_events | ||
| STEP7 | A2 | PLACEBO | 51 | arm, events | 13 / 126 | nonserious_only | registry:adverse_events | ||
| STABLE Wt Loss | A1 | SEMA_SC | 60 | arm, events | 27 / 72 | R0013679:Table 4 | |||
| STABLE Wt Loss | A2 | PLACEBO | 60 | arm, events | 11 / 48 | R0013679:Table 4 | |||
| NCT03101930 | A1 | LIRA_SC | 14 | arm, events | 3 / 46 | nonserious_only | registry:adverse_events | ||
| NCT03101930 | A2 | SITAGLIPTIN | 14 | arm, events | 0 / 23 | nonserious_only | registry:adverse_events | ||
| NCT03101930 | A3 | LIFESTYLE | 14 | arm, events | 0 / 24 | nonserious_only | registry:adverse_events | ||
| OASIS 1 | A1 | SEMA_PO | 75 | arm, events | 89 / 334 | nonserious_only | registry:adverse_events | ||
| OASIS 1 | A2 | PLACEBO | 75 | arm, events | 56 / 333 | nonserious_only | registry:adverse_events | ||
| NCT03856047 | A1+A2+A3+A4+A5 | OTHER_ACTIVE_cagrilintide | 26 | arm, events | 58 / 506 | arms_combined | R0017871:Table 3 | ||
| NCT03856047 | A6 | LIRA_SC | 26 | arm, events | 18 / 99 | R0017871:Table 3 | |||
| NCT03856047 | A7 | PLACEBO | 26 | arm, events | 9 / 101 | R0017871:Table 3 | |||
| NCT05623839 | A1 | PLACEBO | 27 | arm, events | 0 / 8 | R0013210:Supplement Table S2 | |||
| NCT05623839 | A2+A3 | MAZD_SC | 27 | arm, events | 12 / 24 | arms_combined | R0013210:Supplement Table S2 | ||
| STEP 8 | A1 | SEMA_SC | 75 | arm, events | 35 / 126 | nonserious_only | registry:adverse_events | ||
| STEP 8 | A2 | LIRA_SC | 75 | arm, events | 23 / 127 | nonserious_only | registry:adverse_events | ||
| STEP 8 | A3 | PLACEBO | 75 | arm, events | 22 / 85 | nonserious_only | registry:adverse_events | ||
| NCT04881760 | A1 | PLACEBO | 52 | arm, events | 8 / 70 | nonserious_only | registry:adverse_events | ||
| NCT04881760 | A2+A3+A4+A5+A6+A7 | RETA_SC | 52 | arm, events | 37 / 268 | nonserious_only;arms_combined | registry:adverse_events | ||
| STRIVE | A1 | STANDARD_CARE | 104 | arm, events | 1 / 132 | R0020855:Table 4 | |||
| STRIVE | A2 | LIRA_SC | 104 | arm, events | 66 / 260 | R0020855:Table 4 | |||
| ATTAIN-1 | A1 | PLACEBO | 74 | arm, events | 91 / 949 | nonserious_only | registry:adverse_events | ||
| ATTAIN-1 | A2+A3+A4 | ORFO_PO | 74 | arm, events | 485 / 2,178 | nonserious_only;arms_combined | registry:adverse_events | ||
| TOGETHER-PsA | A1 | STANDARD_CARE | 36 | arm, events | 5 / 132 | printed_denominator | R0018951:Table 3 | ||
| TOGETHER-PsA | A2 | TIRZ_SC | 36 | arm, events | 25 / 138 | printed_denominator | R0018951:Table 3 | ||
| DREAM | A1 | PLACEBO | 16 | arm, events | 3 / 18 | R0011013:Table 3 | |||
| DREAM | A2+A3 | DAPIGL_SC | 16 | arm, events | 11 / 36 | arms_combined | R0011013:Table 3 | ||
| STEP 6 | A1+A2 | SEMA_SC | 75 | arm, events | 54 / 300 | nonserious_only;arms_combined | registry:adverse_events | ||
| STEP 6 | A3 | PLACEBO | 75 | arm, events | 6 / 101 | nonserious_only | registry:adverse_events | ||
| SURMOUNT-3 | A1 | TIRZ_SC | 76 | arm, events | 89 / 287 | R0007405:Table 3 | |||
| SURMOUNT-3 | A2 | PLACEBO | 76 | arm, events | 27 / 292 | R0007405:Table 3 | |||
| NCT06250946 | A1 | PLACEBO | 36 | arm, events | 4 / 46 | R0001289:Table 6 | |||
| NCT06250946 | A2+A3+A4+A5 | HRS7535_PO | 36 | arm, events | 40 / 189 | arms_combined | R0001289:Table 6 | ||
| NCT01557166 | A1 | LIRA_SC | 34 | arm, events | 29 / 180 | R0026203:Table 2 | |||
| NCT01557166 | A2 | PLACEBO | 34 | arm, events | 14 / 179 | R0026203:Table 2 | |||
| NCT02453711 | A1+A2+A3+A4+A5+A6+A7 | SEMA_SC | 59 | arm, events | 201 / 718 | nonserious_only;arms_combined | registry:adverse_events | ||
| NCT02453711 | A8 | LIRA_SC | 59 | arm, events | 29 / 103 | nonserious_only | registry:adverse_events | ||
| NCT02453711 | A9 | PLACEBO | 59 | arm, events | 16 / 136 | nonserious_only | registry:adverse_events | ||
| NCT05051579 | A1+A2+A3+A4+A5+A6 | ORFO_PO | 38 | arm, events | 51 / 222 | nonserious_only;arms_combined | registry:adverse_events | ||
| NCT05051579 | A7 | PLACEBO | 38 | arm, events | 5 / 50 | nonserious_only | registry:adverse_events | ||
| NCT06569355 | A1+A2+A3+A4 | VCT220_PO | 18 | arm, events | 37 / 189 | arms_combined | R0001121:Table 3 | ||
| NCT06569355 | A5 | PLACEBO | 18 | arm, events | 5 / 61 | R0001121:Table 3 | |||
| FALCON | A1 | PLACEBO | 16 | arm, events | 2 / 33 | R0004304:Table 2 | |||
| FALCON | A2+A3+A4+A5 | TERN60_PO | 16 | arm, events | 13 / 134 | arms_combined | R0004304:Table 2 | ||
| NCT06256562 | A1+A2+A3+A4+A5 | BOFANG_SC | 33 | arm, events | 105 / 274 | arms_combined | R0002409:Table 3 | ||
| NCT06256562 | A6 | PLACEBO | 33 | arm, events | 12 / 66 | R0002409:Table 3 | |||
| NCT04838405 | A1 | PLACEBO | 24 | arm, events | 1 / 10 | R0007991:Table 2 | |||
| NCT04838405 | A2+A3+A4+A5+A6 | CT388_SC | 24 | arm, events | 5 / 30 | arms_combined | R0007991:Table 2 | ||
| S002970 | A1 | LIFESTYLE | 26.07 | arm, events | 1 / 22 | R0008860:Supplementary Table SI | |||
| S002970 | A2 | LIRA_SC | 26.07 | arm, events | 2 / 17 | R0008860:Supplementary Table SI | |||
| NCT04855292 | A1+A2+A3 | TG103_SC | 14 | arm, events | 19 / 36 | arms_combined | R0022276:Table 2 | ||
| NCT04855292 | A4 | PLACEBO | 14 | arm, events | 1 / 12 | R0022276:Table 2 | |||
| S003067 | A1 | PLACEBO | 52 | arm, events | 10 / 98 | R0025439:Table 2 | |||
| S003067 | A2+A3+A4+A5 | LIRA_SC | 52 | arm, events | 43 / 371 | arms_combined | R0025439:Table 2 | ||
| S003067 | A6 | ORLISTAT | 52 | arm, events | 28 / 95 | R0025439:Table 2 |
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