Network meta-analysis
Systolic blood pressure change
Type 2 diabetes (adults)
weeks 20 to 36 (target week 26)Not stated by the trialsDoses of a drug pooledMean difference
67
Randomized trials
30
Treatments
32,618
Participants
149
Trial arms
In plain language
Across 67 trials with 32,618 participants, 11 of 29 treatments had a clearly better result than placebo on systolic blood pressure change, and for 18 the evidence could not tell them apart from placebo. The most favorable estimate was for Liraglutide after insulin degludec injection: mean difference -8.13 mmHg (95% credible interval -13.76 to -2.18).
Lower values favor the treatment. "Clearly" means the 95% credible interval excludes no difference. These are averages across trials; they do not say how any one person will respond. Not medical advice.
Network of trials
Each circle is a treatment; each line joins treatments that were randomized against each other in at least one trial.
Effects compared with Placebo
Mean difference in mmHg. Lower values favor the treatment.
| Treatment | Bayesian MD (95% CrI) | 95% prediction interval | Frequentist MD (95% CI) | Verdict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Liraglutide after insulin degludec injection LIRAGL_SC | -8.13 (-13.76 to -2.18) | -14.25 to -1.83 | -8.42 (-14.24 to -2.60) | Better |
| Liraglutide and metformin injection LIRAMETF_SC | -6.60 (-10.47 to -2.59) | -11.12 to -1.88 | -6.75 (-10.79 to -2.72) | Better |
| Exenatide extended release and dapagliflozin injection DAPAEXEN_SC | -5.31 (-8.65 to -1.82) | -9.42 to -1.08 | -5.39 (-8.81 to -1.97) | Better |
| Polyethylene glycol loxenatide injection PEGLOX_SC | -4.40 (-8.53 to -0.14) | -9.10 to 0.48 | -4.51 (-8.69 to -0.32) | Better |
| Ebenatide injection EBENAT_SC | -3.34 (-9.02 to 2.53) | -9.43 to 2.84 | -3.56 (-9.57 to 2.45) | Unclear |
| Semaglutide injection SEMA_SC | -3.26 (-4.85 to -1.62) | -6.15 to -0.39 | -3.31 (-4.94 to -1.69) | Better |
| Liraglutide injection LIRA_SC | -3.01 (-4.23 to -1.64) | -5.62 to -0.17 | -3.08 (-4.36 to -1.81) | Better |
| Exenatide injection EXEN_SC | -2.79 (-4.54 to -1.00) | -5.87 to 0.16 | -2.90 (-4.64 to -1.15) | Better |
| Dapagliflozin DAPAGLIFLOZIN | -2.64 (-5.61 to 0.38) | -6.49 to 1.34 | -2.75 (-5.79 to 0.28) | Unclear |
| Insulin degludec with liraglutide injection IDEGLIRA_SC | -2.56 (-4.78 to -0.31) | -5.83 to 0.75 | -2.66 (-4.88 to -0.44) | Better |
| Semaglutide tablet SEMA_PO | -2.54 (-4.19 to -0.97) | -5.43 to 0.34 | -2.58 (-4.21 to -0.96) | Better |
| Taspoglutide injection TASP_SC | -2.48 (-5.43 to 0.52) | -6.31 to 1.38 | -2.56 (-5.53 to 0.40) | Unclear |
| Exenatide extended release injection EXENER_SC | -2.34 (-3.88 to -0.69) | -5.21 to 0.61 | -2.43 (-4.00 to -0.86) | Better |
| Tirzepatide injection TIRZ_SC | -2.33 (-6.21 to 1.64) | -6.93 to 2.24 | -2.34 (-6.24 to 1.56) | Unclear |
| Dulaglutide injection DULA_SC | -2.00 (-3.16 to -0.75) | -4.66 to 0.63 | -2.05 (-3.26 to -0.84) | Better |
| Pioglitazone PIOGLITAZONE | -1.87 (-4.27 to 0.71) | -5.22 to 1.61 | -1.93 (-4.42 to 0.56) | Unclear |
| Sitagliptin SITAGLIPTIN | -1.52 (-3.03 to 0.11) | -4.28 to 1.45 | -1.59 (-3.14 to -0.04) | Unclear |
| Dpp4 inhibitor OTHER_ACTIVE_dpp4_inhibitor | -0.91 (-11.43 to 9.72) | -11.79 to 9.87 | -1.48 (-12.41 to 9.44) | Unclear |
| Premixed insulin INS_PREMIX | -0.75 (-6.95 to 5.26) | -7.40 to 5.73 | -1.03 (-7.12 to 5.06) | Unclear |
| Glimepiride GLIMEPIRIDE | -0.71 (-3.86 to 2.71) | -4.66 to 3.44 | -0.74 (-4.00 to 2.53) | Unclear |
| Albiglutide injection ALBI_SC | -0.50 (-2.97 to 1.98) | -3.97 to 3.02 | -0.50 (-2.95 to 1.95) | Unclear |
| Insulin degludec INS_DEGLUDEC | -0.29 (-3.06 to 2.53) | -4.07 to 3.30 | -0.40 (-3.19 to 2.39) | Unclear |
| Insulin glargine INS_GLARGINE | 0.19 (-1.21 to 1.69) | -2.63 to 3.09 | 0.13 (-1.34 to 1.60) | Unclear |
| Metformin METFORMIN | 0.55 (-1.50 to 2.71) | -2.63 to 3.81 | 0.44 (-1.60 to 2.49) | Unclear |
| Insulin lispro (prandial) INS_LISPRO | 1.64 (-1.61 to 5.05) | -2.42 to 5.68 | 1.49 (-1.93 to 4.91) | Unclear |
| Insulin detemir INS_DETEMIR | 2.04 (-2.72 to 6.74) | -3.18 to 7.24 | 1.97 (-2.69 to 6.63) | Unclear |
| Gliclazide GLICLAZIDE | 2.59 (-4.66 to 9.91) | -5.01 to 10.18 | 2.43 (-4.72 to 9.59) | Unclear |
| Standard care or no added treatment STANDARD_CARE | 2.61 (-1.89 to 6.97) | -2.43 to 7.58 | 2.38 (-2.08 to 6.85) | Unclear |
| Lixisenatide injection LIXI_SC | 3.30 (-3.36 to 9.85) | -3.77 to 10.24 | 3.10 (-3.55 to 9.75) | Unclear |
Ranking
How likely each treatment is to be among the best. Rankings ignore the size of differences and their certainty, so read them with the effects above.
League table
Every treatment against every other: mean difference of the row treatment versus the column treatment, posterior median and 95% credible interval. Green: row clearly better; red: row clearly worse.
| Row versus column | PLACEBO | LIRAGL_SC | LIRAMETF_SC | DAPAEXEN_SC | PEGLOX_SC | EBENAT_SC | SEMA_SC | LIRA_SC | EXEN_SC | DAPAGLIFLOZIN | IDEGLIRA_SC | SEMA_PO | TASP_SC | EXENER_SC | TIRZ_SC | DULA_SC | PIOGLITAZONE | SITAGLIPTIN | OTHER_ACTIVE_dpp4_inhibitor | INS_PREMIX | GLIMEPIRIDE | ALBI_SC | INS_DEGLUDEC | INS_GLARGINE | METFORMIN | INS_LISPRO | INS_DETEMIR | GLICLAZIDE | STANDARD_CARE | LIXI_SC |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PLACEBO | PLACEBO | 8.13 2.18 to 13.76 | 6.60 2.59 to 10.47 | 5.31 1.82 to 8.65 | 4.40 0.14 to 8.53 | 3.34 -2.53 to 9.02 | 3.26 1.62 to 4.85 | 3.01 1.64 to 4.23 | 2.79 1.00 to 4.54 | 2.64 -0.38 to 5.61 | 2.56 0.31 to 4.78 | 2.54 0.97 to 4.19 | 2.48 -0.52 to 5.43 | 2.34 0.69 to 3.88 | 2.33 -1.64 to 6.21 | 2.00 0.75 to 3.16 | 1.87 -0.71 to 4.27 | 1.52 -0.11 to 3.03 | 0.91 -9.72 to 11.43 | 0.75 -5.26 to 6.95 | 0.71 -2.71 to 3.86 | 0.50 -1.98 to 2.97 | 0.29 -2.53 to 3.06 | -0.19 -1.69 to 1.21 | -0.55 -2.71 to 1.50 | -1.64 -5.05 to 1.61 | -2.04 -6.74 to 2.72 | -2.59 -9.91 to 4.66 | -2.61 -6.97 to 1.89 | -3.30 -9.85 to 3.36 |
| LIRAGL_SC | -8.13 -13.76 to -2.18 | LIRAGL_SC | -1.49 -8.19 to 5.32 | -2.81 -9.29 to 3.76 | -3.67 -10.64 to 3.16 | -4.82 -12.92 to 3.49 | -4.88 -10.69 to 1.11 | -5.11 -10.65 to 0.63 | -5.35 -11.15 to 0.71 | -5.45 -11.74 to 0.85 | -5.58 -11.46 to 0.50 | -5.57 -11.33 to 0.46 | -5.61 -11.83 to 0.76 | -5.80 -11.47 to 0.08 | -5.84 -12.66 to 1.09 | -6.13 -11.73 to -0.29 | -6.26 -12.31 to -0.18 | -6.61 -12.28 to -0.82 | -7.24 -19.27 to 5.21 | -7.40 -15.70 to 1.14 | -7.41 -13.78 to -0.86 | -7.61 -13.81 to -1.35 | -7.84 -13.93 to -1.55 | -8.34 -14.03 to -2.45 | -8.65 -14.56 to -2.71 | -9.74 -16.26 to -3.15 | -10.14 -17.27 to -2.66 | -10.60 -19.69 to -1.66 | -10.63 -17.76 to -3.49 | -11.33 -20.23 to -2.70 |
| LIRAMETF_SC | -6.60 -10.47 to -2.59 | 1.49 -5.32 to 8.19 | LIRAMETF_SC | -1.33 -6.42 to 3.87 | -2.21 -7.73 to 3.33 | -3.23 -10.48 to 3.80 | -3.35 -7.47 to 0.86 | -3.60 -7.45 to 0.21 | -3.82 -7.99 to 0.39 | -3.97 -8.75 to 0.88 | -4.04 -8.22 to 0.31 | -4.06 -8.30 to 0.30 | -4.10 -8.86 to 0.82 | -4.27 -8.13 to -0.18 | -4.26 -9.75 to 1.24 | -4.60 -8.48 to -0.58 | -4.71 -9.15 to -0.41 | -5.11 -9.04 to -0.98 | -5.76 -16.99 to 5.76 | -5.84 -13.01 to 1.39 | -5.93 -10.89 to -0.86 | -6.12 -10.72 to -1.32 | -6.28 -10.90 to -1.59 | -6.80 -10.78 to -2.77 | -7.15 -11.00 to -3.24 | -8.25 -13.27 to -3.17 | -8.65 -14.50 to -2.68 | -9.13 -17.10 to -1.14 | -9.19 -14.79 to -3.40 | -9.87 -17.40 to -2.12 |
| DAPAEXEN_SC | -5.31 -8.65 to -1.82 | 2.81 -3.76 to 9.29 | 1.33 -3.87 to 6.42 | DAPAEXEN_SC | -0.86 -5.36 to 3.55 | -1.96 -8.68 to 4.77 | -2.05 -5.61 to 1.67 | -2.28 -5.66 to 1.06 | -2.54 -6.01 to 1.24 | -2.63 -5.80 to 0.41 | -2.71 -6.53 to 1.13 | -2.73 -6.43 to 1.10 | -2.77 -7.12 to 1.60 | -2.98 -6.07 to 0.18 | -2.97 -8.07 to 2.29 | -3.29 -6.79 to 0.19 | -3.43 -7.38 to 0.45 | -3.78 -7.18 to -0.33 | -4.43 -15.26 to 6.72 | -4.50 -11.27 to 2.44 | -4.62 -9.34 to 0.08 | -4.81 -8.97 to -0.41 | -4.99 -9.12 to -0.85 | -5.48 -8.92 to -1.97 | -5.85 -9.61 to -2.16 | -6.96 -11.46 to -2.22 | -7.31 -12.66 to -1.81 | -7.79 -15.66 to 0.05 | -7.88 -13.24 to -2.37 | -8.57 -15.85 to -0.98 |
| PEGLOX_SC | -4.40 -8.53 to -0.14 | 3.67 -3.16 to 10.64 | 2.21 -3.33 to 7.73 | 0.86 -3.55 to 5.36 | PEGLOX_SC | -1.03 -8.19 to 5.95 | -1.17 -5.51 to 3.36 | -1.40 -5.52 to 2.75 | -1.59 -5.95 to 2.75 | -1.75 -5.05 to 1.56 | -1.82 -6.26 to 2.66 | -1.82 -6.22 to 2.64 | -1.89 -6.97 to 3.19 | -2.06 -6.15 to 2.03 | -2.07 -7.75 to 3.58 | -2.40 -6.56 to 1.86 | -2.57 -7.04 to 2.10 | -2.90 -7.12 to 1.35 | -3.50 -14.64 to 7.75 | -3.61 -10.79 to 3.53 | -3.78 -8.76 to 1.42 | -3.89 -8.61 to 0.99 | -4.12 -8.90 to 0.63 | -4.58 -8.77 to -0.39 | -4.93 -9.26 to -0.65 | -6.03 -11.20 to -0.89 | -6.45 -12.26 to -0.34 | -6.88 -15.26 to 1.28 | -6.97 -12.85 to -0.91 | -7.71 -15.37 to 0.22 |
| EBENAT_SC | -3.34 -9.02 to 2.53 | 4.82 -3.49 to 12.92 | 3.23 -3.80 to 10.48 | 1.96 -4.77 to 8.68 | 1.03 -5.95 to 8.19 | EBENAT_SC | -0.09 -6.05 to 6.02 | -0.36 -6.19 to 5.70 | -0.55 -6.49 to 5.59 | -0.70 -7.08 to 5.81 | -0.80 -6.91 to 5.47 | -0.77 -6.68 to 5.38 | -0.86 -7.27 to 5.72 | -1.02 -6.97 to 5.13 | -1.05 -7.85 to 6.03 | -1.36 -7.21 to 4.67 | -1.49 -7.67 to 4.76 | -1.82 -7.71 to 4.21 | -2.35 -14.41 to 9.47 | -2.53 -11.09 to 5.71 | -2.72 -9.16 to 4.14 | -2.82 -8.93 to 3.43 | -3.09 -9.22 to 3.44 | -3.54 -9.45 to 2.48 | -3.87 -10.05 to 2.31 | -4.98 -11.46 to 1.64 | -5.43 -12.57 to 2.11 | -5.86 -14.92 to 3.36 | -5.90 -13.12 to 1.28 | -6.66 -15.23 to 2.27 |
| SEMA_SC | -3.26 -4.85 to -1.62 | 4.88 -1.11 to 10.69 | 3.35 -0.86 to 7.47 | 2.05 -1.67 to 5.61 | 1.17 -3.36 to 5.51 | 0.09 -6.02 to 6.05 | SEMA_SC | -0.25 -2.14 to 1.49 | -0.48 -2.66 to 1.79 | -0.60 -3.93 to 2.58 | -0.68 -3.27 to 1.82 | -0.70 -2.95 to 1.67 | -0.76 -4.11 to 2.54 | -0.91 -2.98 to 1.11 | -0.92 -5.20 to 3.23 | -1.26 -3.07 to 0.52 | -1.40 -4.29 to 1.46 | -1.74 -3.84 to 0.26 | -2.34 -13.25 to 8.29 | -2.51 -8.78 to 3.81 | -2.55 -6.20 to 0.92 | -2.76 -5.70 to 0.20 | -2.95 -6.05 to 0.11 | -3.46 -5.33 to -1.66 | -3.79 -6.34 to -1.43 | -4.90 -8.58 to -1.41 | -5.29 -10.26 to -0.40 | -5.83 -13.09 to 1.54 | -5.89 -10.41 to -1.14 | -6.55 -13.28 to 0.35 |
| LIRA_SC | -3.01 -4.23 to -1.64 | 5.11 -0.63 to 10.65 | 3.60 -0.21 to 7.45 | 2.28 -1.06 to 5.66 | 1.40 -2.75 to 5.52 | 0.36 -5.70 to 6.19 | 0.25 -1.49 to 2.14 | LIRA_SC | -0.23 -1.97 to 1.66 | -0.34 -3.23 to 2.50 | -0.44 -2.44 to 1.68 | -0.44 -2.41 to 1.61 | -0.51 -3.41 to 2.61 | -0.65 -2.04 to 0.71 | -0.68 -4.64 to 3.38 | -1.00 -2.24 to 0.27 | -1.14 -3.54 to 1.21 | -1.48 -2.72 to -0.23 | -2.09 -12.75 to 8.53 | -2.26 -8.35 to 3.95 | -2.31 -5.61 to 1.02 | -2.52 -5.16 to 0.40 | -2.74 -5.27 to -0.03 | -3.20 -4.51 to -1.83 | -3.54 -5.46 to -1.70 | -4.65 -8.01 to -1.29 | -5.05 -9.63 to -0.35 | -5.58 -12.68 to 1.70 | -5.58 -9.84 to -1.26 | -6.31 -12.93 to 0.45 |
| EXEN_SC | -2.79 -4.54 to -1.00 | 5.35 -0.71 to 11.15 | 3.82 -0.39 to 7.99 | 2.54 -1.24 to 6.01 | 1.59 -2.75 to 5.95 | 0.55 -5.59 to 6.49 | 0.48 -1.79 to 2.66 | 0.23 -1.66 to 1.97 | EXEN_SC | -0.13 -3.41 to 3.01 | -0.21 -2.75 to 2.28 | -0.24 -2.51 to 2.20 | -0.29 -3.62 to 2.98 | -0.45 -2.24 to 1.26 | -0.47 -4.70 to 3.79 | -0.78 -2.60 to 0.96 | -0.93 -3.76 to 1.76 | -1.28 -3.27 to 0.66 | -1.90 -12.62 to 8.62 | -2.06 -7.89 to 3.90 | -2.08 -5.68 to 1.32 | -2.28 -5.28 to 0.81 | -2.49 -5.59 to 0.51 | -2.98 -4.83 to -1.18 | -3.33 -5.81 to -0.97 | -4.43 -7.38 to -1.48 | -4.81 -9.57 to -0.13 | -5.39 -12.76 to 1.95 | -5.39 -9.66 to -1.02 | -6.10 -12.81 to 0.74 |
| DAPAGLIFLOZIN | -2.64 -5.61 to 0.38 | 5.45 -0.85 to 11.74 | 3.97 -0.88 to 8.75 | 2.63 -0.41 to 5.80 | 1.75 -1.56 to 5.05 | 0.70 -5.81 to 7.08 | 0.60 -2.58 to 3.93 | 0.34 -2.50 to 3.23 | 0.13 -3.01 to 3.41 | DAPAGLIFLOZIN | -0.09 -3.46 to 3.47 | -0.11 -3.34 to 3.30 | -0.15 -4.31 to 3.97 | -0.32 -3.05 to 2.44 | -0.35 -5.07 to 4.57 | -0.63 -3.64 to 2.38 | -0.82 -4.30 to 2.79 | -1.13 -4.12 to 1.91 | -1.77 -12.60 to 9.41 | -1.89 -8.49 to 4.86 | -1.98 -6.18 to 2.40 | -2.15 -5.95 to 1.82 | -2.37 -6.05 to 1.49 | -2.84 -5.82 to 0.14 | -3.22 -6.47 to 0.08 | -4.32 -8.57 to -0.09 | -4.68 -9.82 to 0.49 | -5.22 -12.72 to 2.38 | -5.23 -10.34 to 0.03 | -5.97 -12.99 to 1.40 |
| IDEGLIRA_SC | -2.56 -4.78 to -0.31 | 5.58 -0.50 to 11.46 | 4.04 -0.31 to 8.22 | 2.71 -1.13 to 6.53 | 1.82 -2.66 to 6.26 | 0.80 -5.47 to 6.91 | 0.68 -1.82 to 3.27 | 0.44 -1.68 to 2.44 | 0.21 -2.28 to 2.75 | 0.09 -3.47 to 3.46 | IDEGLIRA_SC | -0.02 -2.72 to 2.85 | -0.05 -3.64 to 3.44 | -0.22 -2.51 to 2.04 | -0.21 -4.72 to 4.13 | -0.56 -2.74 to 1.51 | -0.71 -3.77 to 2.27 | -1.05 -3.40 to 1.25 | -1.61 -12.44 to 9.10 | -1.86 -8.17 to 4.55 | -1.87 -5.66 to 1.73 | -2.07 -5.39 to 1.30 | -2.27 -4.29 to -0.24 | -2.76 -4.66 to -0.94 | -3.08 -5.90 to -0.49 | -4.22 -7.98 to -0.45 | -4.61 -9.56 to 0.44 | -5.12 -12.62 to 2.34 | -5.17 -9.82 to -0.46 | -5.86 -12.80 to 1.22 |
| SEMA_PO | -2.54 -4.19 to -0.97 | 5.57 -0.46 to 11.33 | 4.06 -0.30 to 8.30 | 2.73 -1.10 to 6.43 | 1.82 -2.64 to 6.22 | 0.77 -5.38 to 6.68 | 0.70 -1.67 to 2.95 | 0.44 -1.61 to 2.41 | 0.24 -2.20 to 2.51 | 0.11 -3.30 to 3.34 | 0.02 -2.85 to 2.72 | SEMA_PO | -0.07 -3.47 to 3.31 | -0.21 -2.51 to 1.94 | -0.24 -4.51 to 3.96 | -0.54 -2.64 to 1.40 | -0.71 -3.70 to 2.22 | -1.03 -3.29 to 1.12 | -1.62 -12.08 to 8.74 | -1.83 -8.08 to 4.52 | -1.87 -5.56 to 1.68 | -2.04 -4.93 to 0.93 | -2.26 -5.55 to 0.95 | -2.75 -4.99 to -0.66 | -3.10 -5.89 to -0.52 | -4.19 -8.09 to -0.59 | -4.59 -9.42 to 0.31 | -5.09 -12.56 to 2.25 | -5.13 -9.79 to -0.50 | -5.84 -12.68 to 0.95 |
| TASP_SC | -2.48 -5.43 to 0.52 | 5.61 -0.76 to 11.83 | 4.10 -0.82 to 8.86 | 2.77 -1.60 to 7.12 | 1.89 -3.19 to 6.97 | 0.86 -5.72 to 7.27 | 0.76 -2.54 to 4.11 | 0.51 -2.61 to 3.41 | 0.29 -2.98 to 3.62 | 0.15 -3.97 to 4.31 | 0.05 -3.44 to 3.64 | 0.07 -3.31 to 3.47 | TASP_SC | -0.16 -3.29 to 2.94 | -0.14 -5.01 to 4.65 | -0.48 -3.61 to 2.58 | -0.63 -4.28 to 2.88 | -0.97 -3.94 to 1.89 | -1.57 -12.68 to 9.38 | -1.78 -8.44 to 5.04 | -1.81 -6.09 to 2.50 | -2.00 -5.90 to 1.96 | -2.22 -6.15 to 1.77 | -2.70 -5.82 to 0.41 | -3.02 -6.52 to 0.32 | -4.14 -8.51 to 0.16 | -4.57 -9.90 to 0.89 | -5.12 -12.82 to 2.63 | -5.09 -10.22 to 0.23 | -5.78 -12.72 to 1.46 |
| EXENER_SC | -2.34 -3.88 to -0.69 | 5.80 -0.08 to 11.47 | 4.27 0.18 to 8.13 | 2.98 -0.18 to 6.07 | 2.06 -2.03 to 6.15 | 1.02 -5.13 to 6.97 | 0.91 -1.11 to 2.98 | 0.65 -0.71 to 2.04 | 0.45 -1.26 to 2.24 | 0.32 -2.44 to 3.05 | 0.22 -2.04 to 2.51 | 0.21 -1.94 to 2.51 | 0.16 -2.94 to 3.29 | EXENER_SC | -0.00 -4.10 to 4.14 | -0.33 -1.90 to 1.20 | -0.49 -2.71 to 1.76 | -0.82 -2.31 to 0.69 | -1.43 -12.02 to 9.34 | -1.56 -7.63 to 4.59 | -1.64 -5.13 to 1.72 | -1.84 -4.65 to 1.18 | -2.05 -4.86 to 0.80 | -2.53 -4.07 to -0.98 | -2.87 -4.98 to -0.90 | -3.96 -7.39 to -0.65 | -4.36 -8.69 to 0.02 | -4.88 -12.25 to 2.40 | -4.92 -9.26 to -0.49 | -5.62 -12.39 to 1.29 |
| TIRZ_SC | -2.33 -6.21 to 1.64 | 5.84 -1.09 to 12.66 | 4.26 -1.24 to 9.75 | 2.97 -2.29 to 8.07 | 2.07 -3.58 to 7.75 | 1.05 -6.03 to 7.85 | 0.92 -3.23 to 5.20 | 0.68 -3.38 to 4.64 | 0.47 -3.79 to 4.70 | 0.35 -4.57 to 5.07 | 0.21 -4.13 to 4.72 | 0.24 -3.96 to 4.51 | 0.14 -4.65 to 5.01 | 0.00 -4.14 to 4.10 | TIRZ_SC | -0.31 -4.29 to 3.60 | -0.46 -5.06 to 4.06 | -0.80 -4.99 to 3.34 | -1.49 -12.52 to 9.70 | -1.58 -8.73 to 5.61 | -1.63 -6.55 to 3.19 | -1.82 -6.48 to 2.90 | -2.04 -6.92 to 2.75 | -2.54 -6.61 to 1.51 | -2.86 -7.34 to 1.37 | -3.95 -9.09 to 1.12 | -4.38 -10.29 to 1.73 | -4.86 -12.91 to 3.32 | -4.91 -10.69 to 0.94 | -5.60 -13.18 to 2.10 |
| DULA_SC | -2.00 -3.16 to -0.75 | 6.13 0.29 to 11.73 | 4.60 0.58 to 8.48 | 3.29 -0.19 to 6.79 | 2.40 -1.86 to 6.56 | 1.36 -4.67 to 7.21 | 1.26 -0.52 to 3.07 | 1.00 -0.27 to 2.24 | 0.78 -0.96 to 2.60 | 0.63 -2.38 to 3.64 | 0.56 -1.51 to 2.74 | 0.54 -1.40 to 2.64 | 0.48 -2.58 to 3.61 | 0.33 -1.20 to 1.90 | 0.31 -3.60 to 4.29 | DULA_SC | -0.14 -2.61 to 2.34 | -0.48 -2.09 to 1.10 | -1.08 -11.64 to 9.53 | -1.22 -7.40 to 4.93 | -1.31 -4.35 to 1.74 | -1.52 -4.22 to 1.40 | -1.70 -4.38 to 1.07 | -2.19 -3.47 to -0.93 | -2.54 -4.55 to -0.63 | -3.64 -7.02 to -0.33 | -4.01 -8.68 to 0.66 | -4.55 -11.77 to 2.69 | -4.59 -8.91 to -0.21 | -5.30 -11.89 to 1.54 |
| PIOGLITAZONE | -1.87 -4.27 to 0.71 | 6.26 0.18 to 12.31 | 4.71 0.41 to 9.15 | 3.43 -0.45 to 7.38 | 2.57 -2.10 to 7.04 | 1.49 -4.76 to 7.67 | 1.40 -1.46 to 4.29 | 1.14 -1.21 to 3.54 | 0.93 -1.76 to 3.76 | 0.82 -2.79 to 4.30 | 0.71 -2.27 to 3.77 | 0.71 -2.22 to 3.70 | 0.63 -2.88 to 4.28 | 0.49 -1.76 to 2.71 | 0.46 -4.06 to 5.06 | 0.14 -2.34 to 2.61 | PIOGLITAZONE | -0.35 -2.59 to 1.95 | -0.98 -11.82 to 10.02 | -1.12 -7.53 to 5.51 | -1.16 -5.20 to 2.71 | -1.37 -4.81 to 2.19 | -1.58 -4.94 to 1.89 | -2.06 -4.54 to 0.47 | -2.40 -5.05 to 0.15 | -3.49 -7.50 to 0.37 | -3.89 -8.84 to 1.08 | -4.44 -11.77 to 2.98 | -4.42 -9.40 to 0.44 | -5.21 -12.05 to 2.02 |
| SITAGLIPTIN | -1.52 -3.03 to 0.11 | 6.61 0.82 to 12.28 | 5.11 0.98 to 9.04 | 3.78 0.33 to 7.18 | 2.90 -1.35 to 7.12 | 1.82 -4.21 to 7.71 | 1.74 -0.26 to 3.84 | 1.48 0.23 to 2.72 | 1.28 -0.66 to 3.27 | 1.13 -1.91 to 4.12 | 1.05 -1.25 to 3.40 | 1.03 -1.12 to 3.29 | 0.97 -1.89 to 3.94 | 0.82 -0.69 to 2.31 | 0.80 -3.34 to 4.99 | 0.48 -1.10 to 2.09 | 0.35 -1.95 to 2.59 | SITAGLIPTIN | -0.59 -11.28 to 10.04 | -0.78 -6.98 to 5.55 | -0.83 -4.25 to 2.62 | -1.04 -3.86 to 2.00 | -1.25 -4.11 to 1.68 | -1.71 -3.34 to -0.07 | -2.05 -4.09 to -0.16 | -3.16 -6.61 to 0.32 | -3.55 -8.26 to 1.20 | -4.12 -11.42 to 3.17 | -4.11 -8.55 to 0.41 | -4.85 -11.48 to 1.96 |
| OTHER_ACTIVE_dpp4_inhibitor | -0.91 -11.43 to 9.72 | 7.24 -5.21 to 19.27 | 5.76 -5.76 to 16.99 | 4.43 -6.72 to 15.26 | 3.50 -7.75 to 14.64 | 2.35 -9.47 to 14.41 | 2.34 -8.29 to 13.25 | 2.09 -8.53 to 12.75 | 1.90 -8.62 to 12.62 | 1.77 -9.41 to 12.60 | 1.61 -9.10 to 12.44 | 1.62 -8.74 to 12.08 | 1.57 -9.38 to 12.68 | 1.43 -9.34 to 12.02 | 1.49 -9.70 to 12.52 | 1.08 -9.53 to 11.64 | 0.98 -10.02 to 11.82 | 0.59 -10.04 to 11.28 | OTHER_ACTIVE_dpp4_inhibitor | -0.17 -12.09 to 12.06 | -0.21 -11.29 to 10.84 | -0.40 -11.19 to 10.36 | -0.65 -11.60 to 10.34 | -1.12 -11.70 to 9.45 | -1.42 -12.04 to 9.29 | -2.52 -13.65 to 8.49 | -2.92 -14.55 to 8.40 | -3.44 -16.76 to 9.40 | -3.45 -15.13 to 8.07 | -4.18 -16.76 to 8.61 |
| INS_PREMIX | -0.75 -6.95 to 5.26 | 7.40 -1.14 to 15.70 | 5.84 -1.39 to 13.01 | 4.50 -2.44 to 11.27 | 3.61 -3.53 to 10.79 | 2.53 -5.71 to 11.09 | 2.51 -3.81 to 8.78 | 2.26 -3.95 to 8.35 | 2.06 -3.90 to 7.89 | 1.89 -4.86 to 8.49 | 1.86 -4.55 to 8.17 | 1.83 -4.52 to 8.08 | 1.78 -5.04 to 8.44 | 1.56 -4.59 to 7.63 | 1.58 -5.61 to 8.73 | 1.22 -4.93 to 7.40 | 1.12 -5.51 to 7.53 | 0.78 -5.55 to 6.98 | 0.17 -12.06 to 12.09 | INS_PREMIX | -0.04 -7.13 to 6.80 | -0.22 -6.87 to 6.21 | -0.42 -7.12 to 6.23 | -0.94 -7.14 to 5.22 | -1.31 -7.82 to 4.96 | -2.41 -8.92 to 4.20 | -2.81 -10.48 to 4.64 | -3.29 -12.66 to 6.03 | -3.29 -10.55 to 3.99 | -4.00 -12.88 to 4.77 |
| GLIMEPIRIDE | -0.71 -3.86 to 2.71 | 7.41 0.86 to 13.78 | 5.93 0.86 to 10.89 | 4.62 -0.08 to 9.34 | 3.78 -1.42 to 8.76 | 2.72 -4.14 to 9.16 | 2.55 -0.92 to 6.20 | 2.31 -1.02 to 5.61 | 2.08 -1.32 to 5.68 | 1.98 -2.40 to 6.18 | 1.87 -1.73 to 5.66 | 1.87 -1.68 to 5.56 | 1.81 -2.50 to 6.09 | 1.64 -1.72 to 5.13 | 1.63 -3.19 to 6.55 | 1.31 -1.74 to 4.35 | 1.16 -2.71 to 5.20 | 0.83 -2.62 to 4.25 | 0.21 -10.84 to 11.29 | 0.04 -6.80 to 7.13 | GLIMEPIRIDE | -0.20 -4.27 to 4.03 | -0.39 -4.44 to 3.73 | -0.91 -4.22 to 2.47 | -1.23 -4.92 to 2.32 | -2.32 -6.83 to 2.27 | -2.72 -8.22 to 2.84 | -3.29 -11.01 to 4.71 | -3.28 -8.48 to 2.12 | -3.95 -11.23 to 3.52 |
| ALBI_SC | -0.50 -2.97 to 1.98 | 7.61 1.35 to 13.81 | 6.12 1.32 to 10.72 | 4.81 0.41 to 8.97 | 3.89 -0.99 to 8.61 | 2.82 -3.43 to 8.93 | 2.76 -0.20 to 5.70 | 2.52 -0.40 to 5.16 | 2.28 -0.81 to 5.28 | 2.15 -1.82 to 5.95 | 2.07 -1.30 to 5.39 | 2.04 -0.93 to 4.93 | 2.00 -1.96 to 5.90 | 1.84 -1.18 to 4.65 | 1.82 -2.90 to 6.48 | 1.52 -1.40 to 4.22 | 1.37 -2.19 to 4.81 | 1.04 -2.00 to 3.86 | 0.40 -10.36 to 11.19 | 0.22 -6.21 to 6.87 | 0.20 -4.03 to 4.27 | ALBI_SC | -0.21 -3.99 to 3.57 | -0.68 -3.61 to 2.14 | -1.04 -4.43 to 2.11 | -2.12 -6.45 to 2.08 | -2.52 -7.79 to 2.64 | -3.04 -10.73 to 4.50 | -3.07 -8.22 to 1.96 | -3.82 -10.63 to 3.16 |
| INS_DEGLUDEC | -0.29 -3.06 to 2.53 | 7.84 1.55 to 13.93 | 6.28 1.59 to 10.90 | 4.99 0.85 to 9.12 | 4.12 -0.63 to 8.90 | 3.09 -3.44 to 9.22 | 2.95 -0.11 to 6.05 | 2.74 0.03 to 5.27 | 2.49 -0.51 to 5.59 | 2.37 -1.49 to 6.05 | 2.27 0.24 to 4.29 | 2.26 -0.95 to 5.55 | 2.22 -1.77 to 6.15 | 2.05 -0.80 to 4.86 | 2.04 -2.75 to 6.92 | 1.70 -1.07 to 4.38 | 1.58 -1.89 to 4.94 | 1.25 -1.68 to 4.11 | 0.65 -10.34 to 11.60 | 0.42 -6.23 to 7.12 | 0.39 -3.73 to 4.44 | 0.21 -3.57 to 3.99 | INS_DEGLUDEC | -0.48 -3.06 to 1.99 | -0.83 -4.08 to 2.29 | -1.96 -6.16 to 2.14 | -2.31 -7.57 to 2.99 | -2.83 -10.56 to 4.65 | -2.86 -7.90 to 2.09 | -3.54 -10.66 to 3.74 |
| INS_GLARGINE | 0.19 -1.21 to 1.69 | 8.34 2.45 to 14.03 | 6.80 2.77 to 10.78 | 5.48 1.97 to 8.92 | 4.58 0.39 to 8.77 | 3.54 -2.48 to 9.45 | 3.46 1.66 to 5.33 | 3.20 1.83 to 4.51 | 2.98 1.18 to 4.83 | 2.84 -0.14 to 5.82 | 2.76 0.94 to 4.66 | 2.75 0.66 to 4.99 | 2.70 -0.41 to 5.82 | 2.53 0.98 to 4.07 | 2.54 -1.51 to 6.61 | 2.19 0.93 to 3.47 | 2.06 -0.47 to 4.54 | 1.71 0.07 to 3.34 | 1.12 -9.45 to 11.70 | 0.94 -5.22 to 7.14 | 0.91 -2.47 to 4.22 | 0.68 -2.14 to 3.61 | 0.48 -1.99 to 3.06 | INS_GLARGINE | -0.34 -2.46 to 1.68 | -1.42 -4.86 to 1.94 | -1.83 -6.51 to 2.88 | -2.38 -9.55 to 4.92 | -2.40 -6.74 to 2.07 | -3.09 -9.79 to 3.74 |
| METFORMIN | 0.55 -1.50 to 2.71 | 8.65 2.71 to 14.56 | 7.15 3.24 to 11.00 | 5.85 2.16 to 9.61 | 4.93 0.65 to 9.26 | 3.87 -2.31 to 10.05 | 3.79 1.43 to 6.34 | 3.54 1.70 to 5.46 | 3.33 0.97 to 5.81 | 3.22 -0.08 to 6.47 | 3.08 0.49 to 5.90 | 3.10 0.52 to 5.89 | 3.02 -0.32 to 6.52 | 2.87 0.90 to 4.98 | 2.86 -1.37 to 7.34 | 2.54 0.63 to 4.55 | 2.40 -0.15 to 5.05 | 2.05 0.16 to 4.09 | 1.42 -9.29 to 12.04 | 1.31 -4.96 to 7.82 | 1.23 -2.32 to 4.92 | 1.04 -2.11 to 4.43 | 0.83 -2.29 to 4.08 | 0.34 -1.68 to 2.46 | METFORMIN | -1.10 -4.75 to 2.57 | -1.51 -6.15 to 3.40 | -1.99 -9.22 to 5.26 | -2.03 -6.67 to 2.66 | -2.72 -9.50 to 4.21 |
| INS_LISPRO | 1.64 -1.61 to 5.05 | 9.74 3.15 to 16.26 | 8.25 3.17 to 13.27 | 6.96 2.22 to 11.46 | 6.03 0.89 to 11.20 | 4.98 -1.64 to 11.46 | 4.90 1.41 to 8.58 | 4.65 1.29 to 8.01 | 4.43 1.48 to 7.38 | 4.32 0.09 to 8.57 | 4.22 0.45 to 7.98 | 4.19 0.59 to 8.09 | 4.14 -0.16 to 8.51 | 3.96 0.65 to 7.39 | 3.95 -1.12 to 9.09 | 3.64 0.33 to 7.02 | 3.49 -0.37 to 7.50 | 3.16 -0.32 to 6.61 | 2.52 -8.49 to 13.65 | 2.41 -4.20 to 8.92 | 2.32 -2.27 to 6.83 | 2.12 -2.08 to 6.45 | 1.96 -2.14 to 6.16 | 1.42 -1.94 to 4.86 | 1.10 -2.57 to 4.75 | INS_LISPRO | -0.41 -5.95 to 5.20 | -0.94 -8.85 to 6.93 | -0.92 -5.69 to 3.77 | -1.63 -8.95 to 5.60 |
| INS_DETEMIR | 2.04 -2.72 to 6.74 | 10.14 2.66 to 17.27 | 8.65 2.68 to 14.50 | 7.31 1.81 to 12.66 | 6.45 0.34 to 12.26 | 5.43 -2.11 to 12.57 | 5.29 0.40 to 10.26 | 5.05 0.35 to 9.63 | 4.81 0.13 to 9.57 | 4.68 -0.49 to 9.82 | 4.61 -0.44 to 9.56 | 4.59 -0.31 to 9.42 | 4.57 -0.89 to 9.90 | 4.36 -0.02 to 8.69 | 4.38 -1.73 to 10.29 | 4.01 -0.66 to 8.68 | 3.89 -1.08 to 8.84 | 3.55 -1.20 to 8.26 | 2.92 -8.40 to 14.55 | 2.81 -4.64 to 10.48 | 2.72 -2.84 to 8.22 | 2.52 -2.64 to 7.79 | 2.31 -2.99 to 7.57 | 1.83 -2.88 to 6.51 | 1.51 -3.40 to 6.15 | 0.41 -5.20 to 5.95 | INS_DETEMIR | -0.50 -9.10 to 8.07 | -0.55 -6.72 to 5.75 | -1.28 -9.20 to 6.91 |
| GLICLAZIDE | 2.59 -4.66 to 9.91 | 10.60 1.66 to 19.69 | 9.13 1.14 to 17.10 | 7.79 -0.05 to 15.66 | 6.88 -1.28 to 15.26 | 5.86 -3.36 to 14.92 | 5.83 -1.54 to 13.09 | 5.58 -1.70 to 12.68 | 5.39 -1.95 to 12.76 | 5.22 -2.38 to 12.72 | 5.12 -2.34 to 12.62 | 5.09 -2.25 to 12.56 | 5.12 -2.63 to 12.82 | 4.88 -2.40 to 12.25 | 4.86 -3.32 to 12.91 | 4.55 -2.69 to 11.77 | 4.44 -2.98 to 11.77 | 4.12 -3.17 to 11.42 | 3.44 -9.40 to 16.76 | 3.29 -6.03 to 12.66 | 3.29 -4.71 to 11.01 | 3.04 -4.50 to 10.73 | 2.83 -4.65 to 10.56 | 2.38 -4.92 to 9.55 | 1.99 -5.26 to 9.22 | 0.94 -6.93 to 8.85 | 0.50 -8.07 to 9.10 | GLICLAZIDE | -0.03 -8.35 to 8.44 | -0.76 -10.30 to 8.92 |
| STANDARD_CARE | 2.61 -1.89 to 6.97 | 10.63 3.49 to 17.76 | 9.19 3.40 to 14.79 | 7.88 2.37 to 13.24 | 6.97 0.91 to 12.85 | 5.90 -1.28 to 13.12 | 5.89 1.14 to 10.41 | 5.58 1.26 to 9.84 | 5.39 1.02 to 9.66 | 5.23 -0.03 to 10.34 | 5.17 0.46 to 9.82 | 5.13 0.50 to 9.79 | 5.09 -0.23 to 10.22 | 4.92 0.49 to 9.26 | 4.91 -0.94 to 10.69 | 4.59 0.21 to 8.91 | 4.42 -0.44 to 9.40 | 4.11 -0.41 to 8.55 | 3.45 -8.07 to 15.13 | 3.29 -3.99 to 10.55 | 3.28 -2.12 to 8.48 | 3.07 -1.96 to 8.22 | 2.86 -2.09 to 7.90 | 2.40 -2.07 to 6.74 | 2.03 -2.66 to 6.67 | 0.92 -3.77 to 5.69 | 0.55 -5.75 to 6.72 | 0.03 -8.44 to 8.35 | STANDARD_CARE | -0.73 -8.50 to 7.18 |
| LIXI_SC | 3.30 -3.36 to 9.85 | 11.33 2.70 to 20.23 | 9.87 2.12 to 17.40 | 8.57 0.98 to 15.85 | 7.71 -0.22 to 15.37 | 6.66 -2.27 to 15.23 | 6.55 -0.35 to 13.28 | 6.31 -0.45 to 12.93 | 6.10 -0.74 to 12.81 | 5.97 -1.40 to 12.99 | 5.86 -1.22 to 12.80 | 5.84 -0.95 to 12.68 | 5.78 -1.46 to 12.72 | 5.62 -1.29 to 12.39 | 5.60 -2.10 to 13.18 | 5.30 -1.54 to 11.89 | 5.21 -2.02 to 12.05 | 4.85 -1.96 to 11.48 | 4.18 -8.61 to 16.76 | 4.00 -4.77 to 12.88 | 3.95 -3.52 to 11.23 | 3.82 -3.16 to 10.63 | 3.54 -3.74 to 10.66 | 3.09 -3.74 to 9.79 | 2.72 -4.21 to 9.50 | 1.63 -5.60 to 8.95 | 1.28 -6.91 to 9.20 | 0.76 -8.92 to 10.30 | 0.73 -7.18 to 8.50 | LIXI_SC |
Heterogeneity, fit and convergence
Bayesian random effects (primary)
Frequentist check (netmeta)
Inconsistency
Do trials comparing two treatments directly agree with the indirect evidence through other treatments?
No comparison here has both direct and indirect evidence, so inconsistency cannot be checked by node splitting; the between designs Q above is the global check.
Small study effects
A comparison adjusted funnel plot: each point is one trial comparison, centered on its own network estimate. Asymmetry can signal that small trials with unfavorable results are missing.
Fewer than ten trial comparisons, too few to judge funnel plot asymmetry.
Baseline characteristics of the trials
The baseline value of each effect modifier or prognostic factor that applies here, per trial: mean or percent over arms, weighted by the number randomized. A note under a value names a stand in (a median for a mean, 100 minus the male share, Asian subgroup rows, an all Asian site list); "not reported" means no source of the trial prints it.
| Trial | Baseline BMI or body weight (kg/m2) effect modifier, prognostic factor; 58 of 67 |
|---|---|
| NCT03131687 S000010 | 32.57 |
| NCT00754988 S000027 | 32.47 |
| NCT03068065 S000048 | 27.46 |
| NCT01296412 S000080 | 32.65 |
| DUAL™ I China S000081 | 26.75 |
| MAGNA VICTORIA S000142 | 29.44 |
| AWARD-10 S000305 | 32.68 |
| NCT00765817 S000345 | 33.47 |
| NCT01029886 S000352 | 32.3 |
| NCT03010683 S000389 | 30.3 |
| NCT00637273 S000402 | 32.33 |
| SUSTAIN 9 S000483 | 31.9 |
| SUSTAIN 10 S000584 | body weight 96.9 kg |
| NCT00960661 S000609 | 32.5 |
| NCT00935532 S000632 | body weight 70.5 kg |
| NCT02008682 S000650 | 27.25 |
| PREVAIL S000693 | 32.3 |
| NCT01149421 S000784 | 32.96 |
| NCT02229396 S000791 | 32.73 |
| NCT01558271 S000837 | 25.51 |
| SUSTAIN™1 S000878 | 33.2 |
| NCT01617434 S000926 | 32.25 |
| AWARD-CHN1 S001064 | 25.9 |
| AWARD-8 S001068 | 31.2 |
| NCT02465515 S001074 | 32.3 |
| LIRA-SWITCH™ S001119 | 31.95 |
| AWARD-2 S001130 | 31.55 |
| DUAL™ VIII S001131 | not reported |
| DURATION-NEO-2 S001157 | 31.83 |
| AWARD-6 S001184 | 33.56 |
| NCT00701935 S001193 | not reported |
| NCT01191268 S001198 | 32.49 |
| SUSTAIN™ 4 S001219 | 33 |
| DUALTM IX S001236 | 31.2 |
| NCT00877890 S001308 | body weight 95.7 kg |
| NCT00360334 S001323 | 34.15 |
| NCT01003184 S001355 | 33.7 |
| AWARD-CHN2 S001404 | 26.77 |
| NCT00917267 S001437 | 26.55 |
| LIGHT-ON S001525 | 29.8 |
| DUAL™ II China S001556 | 27.33 |
| PIONEER 1 S001741 | not reported |
| NCT00641056 S001768 | 32 |
| ELEGANT S001780 | 33.04 |
| NCT01126580 S001786 | 33.26 |
| PIONEER 11 S001791 | 28.2 |
| SUSTAIN™ 5 S001872 | 32.2 |
| PIONEER 9 S001943 | 25.9 |
| NCT00676338 S001966 | 31.21 |
| PIONEER 5 S002025 | body weight 90.8 kg |
| DUAL™ II Japan S002038 | 27.7 |
| LEAD-5 S002098 | 30.54 |
| NCT05990374 S002108 | 26.55 |
| AWARD-1 S002153 | 33.16 |
| NCT00700817 S002361 | 32.77 |
| PIONEER 8 S002369 | not reported |
| S002858 S002858 | body weight 102.0 kg |
| S002904 S002904 | 25.65 median |
| S002928 S002928 | 53.83 median |
| S002969 S002969 | 36.76 median |
| S003009 S003009 | 26.35 |
| S003036 S003036 | 25.62 |
| S003039 S003039 | 26.3 |
| S003044 S003044 | 23.74 |
| S003068 S003068 | 27.96 |
| S003108 S003108 | 29.66 |
| S003152 S003152 | 29.9 |
Comparability of the trials
Checked across designs (the set of treatments each trial compares) for eligibility, outcome definition and assessment, and the baseline factors above. Flags point to possible intransitivity; notes describe variation that is not tied to design.
- FlagBaseline, Baseline BMI or body weight: design means range from 23.7 (EXEN_SC vs INS_PREMIX) to 53.8 (PEGLOX_SC vs PLACEBO) kg/m2; threshold 3
- FlagEligibility, bmi entry range: a design requires bmi 50 or more while another admits only 35 or less
- NoteData handling, input conversions: arms_combined 18, median_converted 5, n_randomized 7
- NoteOutcome assessment, intercurrent events (rescue): mixed: hypothetical 6, not stated 61
- NoteRisk of bias, blinding: mixed: double_blind 32, not_reported 1, open_label 31, single_blind 3
- NoteRisk of bias, funding: mixed: industry 53, mixed 4, non_industry 8, not_reported 2
- NoteOutcome assessment, time point: selected time points span 20 to 34.76 weeks
- NoteOutcome assessment, analysis set: mixed: completers 10, full_analysis 23, modified_itt 23, other 1, per_protocol 1, randomized 5, safety 4
- NoteOutcome assessment, definition: mixed: change in HbA1c from baseline 1, end of study HbA1c, back transformed geometric least squares mean adjusted for baseline 1, HbA1c after 24 weeks 1, LS mean systolic blood pressure change baseline to week 24 1, not stated 61, Observed HbA1c at visit, mean and SD 1, seated systolic blood pressure 1
- NoteOutcome assessment, intercurrent events (discontinuation): mixed: hypothetical 3, not stated 63, treatment_policy 1
| Trial | time weeks | analysis set | definition | instrument | adjudicated | proportion method | blinding | intercurrent events (discontinuation) | intercurrent events (rescue) | funding | start year | Eligibility |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCT03131687 | 26 | safety | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | double_blind | not stated | not stated | industry | 2017 | age 18 to 75; T2D at least 6 months; HbA1c 7.0 to 10.5%; BMI 23 to 50; diet and exercise or metformin |
| NCT00754988 | 24 | modified_itt | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | double_blind | not stated | not stated | industry | 2008 | age 18 to 75; HbA1c 7.0 to 10.0 percent; BMI 25 (23 Asian) to 45; metformin at least 1500 mg |
| NCT03068065 | 24 | completers | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | open_label | not stated | not stated | not_reported | 2014 | age 18 to 70; drug naive 3 months; HbA1c 7 to 14 percent; BMI 20 to 38; NAFLD on ultrasound |
| NCT01296412 | 26 | completers | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | open_label | not stated | not stated | industry | 2011 | age 18 to 79; HbA1c 7.0 to 11.0 percent on metformin 1500 mg or more; eGFR 60 or more |
| DUAL™ I China | 26 | full_analysis | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | open_label | not stated | not stated | industry | 2017 | Chinese adults 18 y or older; HbA1c 7.0 to 10.0; BMI 40 or less; metformin with or without one OAD |
| MAGNA VICTORIA | 26 | modified_itt | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | double_blind | not stated | not stated | mixed | 2015 | South Asian descent; age 18 to 74; BMI 23 or more; HbA1c 6.5 to 11.0 percent |
| AWARD-10 | 24 | modified_itt | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | double_blind | not stated | not stated | industry | 2015 | T2D; HbA1c 7.0 to 9.5 percent; BMI 45 or lower; SGLT2i with or without metformin |
| NCT00765817 | 30 | full_analysis | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | double_blind | not stated | not stated | industry | 2008 | adults 18 or older; insulin glargine 20 U/d or more alone or with metformin or pioglitazone; HbA1c 7.1 to 10.5 percent; BMI 45 or less |
| NCT01029886 | 26 | modified_itt | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | open_label | not stated | not stated | industry | 2010 | adults 18 or older with type 2 diabetes on oral agents, HbA1c 7.1 to 11.0 percent, BMI 45 or less |
| NCT03010683 | 26.07 | randomized | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | single_blind | not stated | not stated | not_reported | 2015 | newly diagnosed treatment naive type 2 diabetes; no cardiovascular, liver or kidney disease |
| NCT00637273 | 26 | modified_itt | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | double_blind | not stated | not stated | industry | 2008 | age 18 or older; HbA1c 7.1 to 11.0 percent; BMI 25 to 45; stable metformin |
| SUSTAIN 9 | 30 | full_analysis | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | double_blind | not stated | not stated | industry | 2017 | adults 18 or older (20 in Japan); HbA1c 7.0 to 10.5 percent; stable SGLT2i with or without metformin or SU |
| SUSTAIN 10 | 30 | full_analysis | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | open_label | not stated | not stated | industry | 2017 | adults with T2D, HbA1c 7.0 to 11.0 percent on 1 to 3 oral drugs |
| NCT00960661 | 30 | per_protocol | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | open_label | not stated | not stated | industry | 2009 | age 18 or older; T2D on insulin glargine and metformin with or without sulfonylurea; HbA1c 7.0 to 10.0; BMI 25.0 (23.0 in South Korea) to 45.0; HbA1c above 7.0 after optimization |
| NCT00935532 | 26 | full_analysis | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | open_label | not stated | not stated | industry | 2009 | type 2 diabetes on biguanide with or without thiazolidinedione |
| NCT02008682 | 26 | full_analysis | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | open_label | not stated | not stated | industry | 2013 | Chinese adults 18 to 80; HbA1c 7.0 to 10.0 on metformin; BMI 45 or lower |
| PREVAIL | 20 | other | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | open_label | not stated | not stated | non_industry | 2014 | age 30 to 80; T2D 7 years or less; A1c 6.0 to 9.5 percent off drugs or 5.5 to 9.0 on up to 2 oral drugs |
| NCT01149421 | 26 | modified_itt | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | double_blind | not stated | not stated | industry | 2010 | adults 18 or older; HbA1c 7 to 9.5 percent; stable oral agents |
| NCT02229396 | 28 | modified_itt | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | double_blind | not stated | not stated | industry | 2014 | age 18 or older; HbA1c 8.0 to 12.0 percent on metformin 1500 mg/d or more |
| NCT01558271 | 26 | safety | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | double_blind | not stated | not stated | industry | 2012 | Japanese; age 20 or more; BMI 18.5 to 35; HbA1c 7.0 to 10.0 percent; OAM naive or OAM stopped |
| SUSTAIN™1 | 30 | full_analysis | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | double_blind | not stated | not stated | industry | 2014 | age 18 or older (20 in Japan); HbA1c 7.0 to 10.0 percent; drug naive on diet and exercise; eGFR 30 or more |
| NCT01617434 | 26 | full_analysis | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | double_blind | not stated | not stated | industry | 2012 | age 18 to 80; HbA1c 7.0 to 10.0 percent; BMI 20 to 45; basal insulin analogue 20 U or more with or without metformin |
| AWARD-CHN1 | 26 | modified_itt | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | double_blind | not stated | not stated | industry | 2012 | age 18 or older; BMI 19 to 35 kg/m2; HbA1c 7.0 to 10.5 percent OAM naive or 6.5 to 10.0 percent on OAM monotherapy |
| AWARD-8 | 24 | modified_itt | seated systolic blood pressure | not stated | not stated | not stated | double_blind | not stated | not stated | industry | 2013 | age 18 or older; BMI up to 45; HbA1c 7.5 to 9.5 percent on sulfonylurea at least half maximal dose |
| NCT02465515 | 34.76 | randomized | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | double_blind | not stated | not stated | industry | 2015 | type 2 diabetes with established cardiovascular disease |
| LIRA-SWITCH™ | 26 | full_analysis | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | double_blind | not stated | not stated | industry | 2013 | age 18 or more; HbA1c 7.5 to 9.5 percent; BMI 20 or more; on sitagliptin 100 mg and metformin for 90 days or more |
| AWARD-2 | 26 | modified_itt | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | open_label | not stated | hypothetical | industry | 2010 | type 2 diabetes on metformin and glimepiride |
| DUAL™ VIII | 26 | full_analysis | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | open_label | not stated | not stated | industry | 2016 | adults with type 2 diabetes uncontrolled on oral drugs, insulin naive |
| DURATION-NEO-2 | 28 | modified_itt | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | open_label | not stated | not stated | industry | 2013 | age 18 or older; HbA1c 7.1 to 11.0 percent; BMI 45 or lower; metformin 1500 mg or more |
| AWARD-6 | 26 | modified_itt | change in HbA1c from baseline | not stated | not stated | not stated | open_label | not stated | not stated | industry | 2012 | adults; HbA1c 7 to 10 percent; metformin 1500 mg/day or more |
| NCT00701935 | 26.07 | modified_itt | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | double_blind | not stated | not stated | industry | 2008 | adults with T2D on metformin |
| NCT01191268 | 26 | modified_itt | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | open_label | not stated | hypothetical | industry | 2010 | adults with type 2 diabetes on conventional insulin with or without metformin |
| SUSTAIN™ 4 | 30 | full_analysis | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | open_label | not stated | not stated | industry | 2014 | adults with T2D, insulin naive, on metformin with or without SU; HbA1c 7.0 to 10.0 percent |
| DUALTM IX | 26 | full_analysis | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | open_label | treatment_policy | not stated | industry | 2016 | adults; insulin naive type 2 diabetes on SGLT2 inhibitor with or without other oral drugs; HbA1c 7.0 to 11.0 percent; BMI 20 to 40 |
| NCT00877890 | 24 | modified_itt | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | open_label | not stated | not stated | industry | 2009 | age 18 or older; HbA1c 7.1 to 11.0 percent; BMI 25 to 45 |
| NCT00360334 | 26 | full_analysis | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | open_label | not stated | not stated | industry | 2006 | BMI above 27; HbA1c 7.5 to 10.0 percent; 2 or 3 oral drugs; at least one CV risk factor |
| NCT01003184 | 26 | modified_itt | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | open_label | not stated | not stated | industry | 2009 | age 18 or older; HbA1c 7.1 to 10.0 percent; BMI 25 to 45; metformin with or without SU |
| AWARD-CHN2 | 26 | safety | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | open_label | not stated | not stated | industry | 2012 | age 18 or older; BMI 19 to 35 kg/m2; HbA1c 7.0 to 11.0 percent on metformin and/or sulfonylurea |
| NCT00917267 | 26 | modified_itt | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | open_label | not stated | not stated | industry | 2009 | Asian adults 20 or older; HbA1c 7 to 11; BMI 21 to 35; on oral drugs |
| LIGHT-ON | 26 | randomized | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | open_label | not stated | not stated | mixed | 2014 | age 30 to 75, HbA1c 6.5 to 10 percent on metformin, NAFLD with MRI-PDFF over 10 percent, BMI 20 to 35 |
| DUAL™ II China | 26 | full_analysis | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | double_blind | not stated | not stated | industry | 2017 | age 18 or older; BMI 24 or higher; HbA1c 7.5 or higher; basal insulin 20 to 50 U plus metformin |
| PIONEER 1 | 26 | full_analysis | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | double_blind | hypothetical | hypothetical | industry | 2016 | adults with type 2 diabetes on diet and exercise only; HbA1c 7.0 to 9.5 percent |
| NCT00641056 | 26 | modified_itt | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | open_label | not stated | not stated | industry | 2008 | age 18 or older; HbA1c 7.1 to 11.0 percent; BMI 25 to 45; metformin with or without sulfonylurea |
| ELEGANT | 26 | randomized | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | open_label | not stated | not stated | industry | 2012 | age 18 to 75; BMI 25 or more; HbA1c 6.5 to 8.5 percent; insulin 3 to 16 months with 4 percent weight gain |
| NCT01126580 | 26 | modified_itt | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | double_blind | not stated | not stated | industry | 2010 | type 2 diabetes on diet and exercise or one oral drug; registry gives no ranges |
| PIONEER 11 | 26 | safety | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | double_blind | not stated | not stated | industry | 2019 | age 18 or older; HbA1c 7.0 to 10.0 percent at screening, 7.0 to 9.5 at randomization; no glucose lowering drugs; eGFR 60 or more |
| SUSTAIN™ 5 | 30 | full_analysis | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | double_blind | not stated | not stated | industry | 2014 | age 18 or older (20 in Japan); HbA1c 7.0 to 10.0 percent; stable basal insulin with or without metformin; eGFR 30 or more |
| PIONEER 9 | 26 | full_analysis | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | double_blind | hypothetical | hypothetical | industry | 2017 | Japanese adults 20 y or older; HbA1c 6.5 to 9.5 on one oral drug washed out, or 7.0 to 10.0 on diet and exercise |
| NCT00676338 | 26 | full_analysis | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | double_blind | not stated | not stated | industry | 2008 | adults, HbA1c 7.1 to 11.0 percent, BMI 23 to 45 kg/m2, drug naive |
| PIONEER 5 | 26 | full_analysis | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | double_blind | hypothetical | hypothetical | industry | 2016 | type 2 diabetes; HbA1c 7.0 to 9.5 percent; moderate renal impairment |
| DUAL™ II Japan | 26 | full_analysis | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | double_blind | not stated | not stated | industry | 2016 | Japanese adults; BMI 23 kg/m2 or more; HbA1c 7.5 to 11.0 percent; basal or premix insulin 20 to 50 U with metformin |
| LEAD-5 | 26 | modified_itt | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | double_blind | not stated | not stated | industry | 2006 | age 18 to 80; HbA1c 7.5 to 10 on monotherapy or 7 to 10 on combination; BMI 45 or lower |
| NCT05990374 | 24 | completers | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | double_blind | not stated | not stated | non_industry | 2023 | age 18 to 70; BMI 20 to 40; HbA1c 7.0 to 11.0; drug naive or stable metformin |
| AWARD-1 | 26 | modified_itt | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | double_blind | not stated | hypothetical | industry | 2010 | adults with type 2 diabetes on metformin and pioglitazone |
| NCT00700817 | 26 | full_analysis | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | open_label | not stated | not stated | industry | 2008 | age 18 to 80; HbA1c 7.5 to 10%; BMI 45 or less; metformin 1500 mg/day or more for 3 months |
| PIONEER 8 | 26 | full_analysis | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | double_blind | not stated | not stated | industry | 2017 | adults with type 2 diabetes on basal, premixed or basal bolus insulin with or without metformin |
| S002858 | 24 | modified_itt | end of study HbA1c, back transformed geometric least squares mean adjusted for baseline | not stated | not stated | not stated | double_blind | not stated | not stated | industry | T2D age over 35; clinical CKD; eGFR above 30 mL/min; stable ACE inhibitor or ARB | |
| S002904 | 24 | full_analysis | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | open_label | not stated | not stated | mixed | 2014 | age 20 or older; HbA1c 8.0 percent or more; diet or oral drugs; no insulin or GLP-1 RA |
| S002928 | 24 | completers | LS mean systolic blood pressure change baseline to week 24 | not stated | not stated | not stated | single_blind | not stated | not stated | non_industry | 2022 | age 18 to 65; BMI 50 or more; type 2 diabetes |
| S002969 | 26.07 | modified_itt | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | double_blind | not stated | not stated | industry | 2018 | age 18 to 70; BMI 30 to 50; HbA1c 48 to below 97 mmol/mol; T2DM under 10 years; undergoing LAGB |
| S003009 | 24 | completers | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | open_label | not stated | not stated | industry | 2023 | age 18 or more; HbA1c 7.0 to 10.0 percent; eGFR 30 to 90; UACR above 30 to 5000 mg/g |
| S003036 | 24 | completers | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | open_label | not stated | not stated | non_industry | 2022 | age 20 or more; HbA1c 7.0 percent or more; DPP-4 inhibitor for 12 weeks or more |
| S003039 | 24 | completers | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | open_label | not stated | not stated | non_industry | 2016 | T2D age 20 or older; HbA1c 6.5 percent or higher; liraglutide for at least 12 weeks; eGFR 30 or higher |
| S003044 | 24 | completers | HbA1c after 24 weeks | not stated | not stated | not stated | not_reported | not stated | not stated | mixed | 2015 | HbA1c 7.0 to <10.0%; BMI 18.5 to <25; waist >85 cm men, >80 cm women; stable oral agents |
| S003068 | 24 | completers | Observed HbA1c at visit, mean and SD | not stated | not stated | not stated | open_label | not stated | not stated | non_industry | insulin treated T2D, age over 20, BMI 25 or more, HbA1c 7 to 10% | |
| S003108 | 24 | randomized | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | single_blind | not stated | not stated | non_industry | 2012 | T2D with coronary artery disease; no severe heart failure; creatinine up to 150 umol/L |
| S003152 | 24 | completers | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | open_label | not stated | not stated | non_industry | 2019 | age 18 or more; BMI 24 or more; HbA1c 7.0 percent or more; metformin 1500 mg/d or more alone or with premixed insulin |
Trial data
What each trial contributes. Arm rows give the arm value with its standard error, or events over participants; contrast rows give the mean difference on the analysis scale against the trial's first row. Flags mark converted, combined or approximated inputs.
| Trial | Arm | Treatment | Week | Data | Value | SE | Events / N | Flags | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCT03131687 | A1 | PLACEBO | 26 | arm, change | 1.700 | 1.980 | 51 | n_randomized | R0016215:Supplement Table 2 |
| NCT03131687 | A2+A3+A4+A5 | TIRZ_SC | 26 | arm, change | -1.238 | 0.963 | 213 | n_randomized;arms_combined | R0016215:Supplement Table 2 |
| NCT03131687 | A6 | DULA_SC | 26 | arm, change | -1.500 | 1.890 | 54 | n_randomized | R0016215:Supplement Table 2 |
| NCT00754988 | A1 | PLACEBO | 24 | arm, change | -0.900 | 1.278 | 90 | R0022521:Table 5 | |
| NCT00754988 | A2+A3 | TASP_SC | 24 | arm, change | -3.645 | 0.643 | 369 | arms_combined | R0022521:Table 5 |
| NCT00754988 | A4 | SITAGLIPTIN | 24 | arm, change | -2.800 | 0.929 | 177 | R0022521:Table 5 | |
| NCT03068065 | A1 | LIRA_SC | 24 | arm, final | 107.000 | 2.000 | 29 | R0025051:Table 2 | |
| NCT03068065 | A2 | METFORMIN | 24 | arm, final | 112.000 | 3.000 | 29 | R0025051:Table 2 | |
| NCT03068065 | A3 | GLICLAZIDE | 24 | arm, final | 113.000 | 3.000 | 27 | R0025051:Table 2 | |
| NCT01296412 | A1 | SITAGLIPTIN | 26 | arm, change | 0.900 | 0.689 | 285 | R0026295:Table 4 | |
| NCT01296412 | A2 | LIRA_SC | 26 | arm, change | -1.900 | 0.714 | 262 | R0026295:Table 4 | |
| DUAL™ I China | A1 | IDEGLIRA_SC | 26 | arm, change | -3.500 | 0.688 | 341 | registry:outcomes | |
| DUAL™ I China | A2 | INS_DEGLUDEC | 26 | arm, change | -1.200 | 0.905 | 167 | registry:outcomes | |
| DUAL™ I China | A3 | LIRA_SC | 26 | arm, change | -3.300 | 1.123 | 151 | registry:outcomes | |
| MAGNA VICTORIA | A1 | LIRA_SC | 26 | arm, change | -14.000 | 3.838 | 22 | n_randomized | R0021697:Results |
| MAGNA VICTORIA | A2 | PLACEBO | 26 | arm, change | -7.000 | 3.000 | 25 | n_randomized | R0021697:Results |
| AWARD-10 | A1 | DULA_SC | 24 | contrast, md | -3.300 | 1.454 | R0008191:Supplement Table S4 | ||
| AWARD-10 | A3 | PLACEBO | 24 | contrast, md | R0008191:Supplement Table S4 | ||||
| NCT00765817 | A1 | EXEN_SC | 30 | arm, change | -2.700 | 1.250 | 137 | R0027069:Table 2 | |
| NCT00765817 | A2 | PLACEBO | 30 | arm, change | 1.700 | 1.327 | 122 | R0027069:Table 2 | |
| NCT01029886 | A1 | EXENER_SC | 26 | arm, change | -2.480 | 0.560 | 404 | R0016299:Table 2 | |
| NCT01029886 | A2 | LIRA_SC | 26 | arm, change | -3.450 | 0.570 | 398 | R0016299:Table 2 | |
| NCT03010683 | A1 | LIRA_SC | 26.07 | arm, final | 138.000 | 3.469 | 30 | R0016601:Table 2 | |
| NCT03010683 | A2 | METFORMIN | 26.07 | arm, final | 141.000 | 2.921 | 30 | R0016601:Table 2 | |
| NCT00637273 | A1 | EXENER_SC | 26 | arm, change | -3.600 | 0.970 | 160 | registry:outcomes | |
| NCT00637273 | A2 | SITAGLIPTIN | 26 | arm, change | 0.200 | 0.950 | 163 | registry:outcomes | |
| NCT00637273 | A3 | PIOGLITAZONE | 26 | arm, change | -1.600 | 0.950 | 165 | registry:outcomes | |
| SUSTAIN 9 | A1 | SEMA_SC | 30 | arm, change | -4.300 | 1.180 | 151 | registry:outcomes | |
| SUSTAIN 9 | A2 | PLACEBO | 30 | arm, change | 1.100 | 1.001 | 151 | registry:outcomes | |
| SUSTAIN 10 | A1 | SEMA_SC | 30 | arm, change | -4.300 | 0.787 | 290 | registry:outcomes | |
| SUSTAIN 10 | A2 | LIRA_SC | 30 | arm, change | -3.700 | 0.815 | 287 | registry:outcomes | |
| NCT00960661 | A1 | EXEN_SC | 30 | arm, change | -4.100 | 1.000 | 207 | R0016788:Table 2 | |
| NCT00960661 | A2 | INS_LISPRO | 30 | arm, change | 0.400 | 0.900 | 227 | R0016788:Table 2 | |
| NCT00935532 | A1 | EXENER_SC | 26 | arm, change | -4.500 | 0.960 | 214 | registry:outcomes | |
| NCT00935532 | A2 | INS_GLARGINE | 26 | arm, change | -2.600 | 0.981 | 212 | registry:outcomes | |
| NCT02008682 | A1 | LIRA_SC | 26 | contrast, md | -1.550 | 1.171 | R0025836:Supplement Table S1 | ||
| NCT02008682 | A2 | SITAGLIPTIN | 26 | contrast, md | R0025836:Supplement Table S1 | ||||
| PREVAIL | A1 | STANDARD_CARE | 20 | arm, final | 133.000 | 2.100 | R0009210:Table 3 | ||
| PREVAIL | A2 | INS_LISPRO | 20 | arm, final | 132.000 | 2.000 | R0009210:Table 3 | ||
| PREVAIL | A3 | EXEN_SC | 20 | arm, final | 128.000 | 1.900 | R0009210:Table 3 | ||
| NCT01149421 | A1+A2 | DULA_SC | 26 | arm, change | -2.031 | 0.435 | 498 | arms_combined | registry:outcomes |
| NCT01149421 | A3 | PLACEBO | 26 | arm, change | 0.150 | 0.620 | 249 | registry:outcomes | |
| NCT02229396 | A1 | DAPAEXEN_SC | 28 | arm, change | -4.300 | 0.791 | 228 | registry:outcomes | |
| NCT02229396 | A2 | EXENER_SC | 28 | arm, change | -1.200 | 0.816 | 227 | registry:outcomes | |
| NCT02229396 | A3 | DAPAGLIFLOZIN | 28 | arm, change | -1.800 | 0.791 | 230 | registry:outcomes | |
| NCT01558271 | A1 | DULA_SC | 26 | arm, change | 0.620 | 0.620 | 280 | R0011901:Table 2 | |
| NCT01558271 | A2 | LIRA_SC | 26 | arm, change | -2.100 | 0.890 | 136 | R0011901:Table 2 | |
| NCT01558271 | A3 | PLACEBO | 26 | arm, change | 0.530 | 1.250 | 70 | R0011901:Table 2 | |
| SUSTAIN™1 | A1+A2 | SEMA_SC | 30 | arm, change | -2.517 | 0.751 | 258 | arms_combined | registry:outcomes |
| SUSTAIN™1 | A3 | PLACEBO | 30 | arm, change | -2.010 | 0.989 | 129 | registry:outcomes | |
| NCT01617434 | A1 | LIRA_SC | 26 | contrast, md | -5.020 | 1.240 | R0026247:Table 2 | ||
| NCT01617434 | A2 | PLACEBO | 26 | contrast, md | R0026247:Table 2 | ||||
| AWARD-CHN1 | A1+A2 | DULA_SC | 26 | arm, change | -1.975 | 0.575 | 446 | arms_combined | registry:outcomes |
| AWARD-CHN1 | A3 | GLIMEPIRIDE | 26 | arm, change | -0.660 | 0.804 | 231 | registry:outcomes | |
| AWARD-8 | A1 | DULA_SC | 24 | arm, change | -0.520 | 0.960 | 240 | n_randomized | R0016038:Table 2 |
| AWARD-8 | A2 | PLACEBO | 24 | arm, change | 0.000 | 1.540 | 60 | n_randomized | R0016038:Table 2 |
| NCT02465515 | A1 | PLACEBO | 34.76 | arm, change | -0.500 | 0.266 | 4,241 | registry:outcomes | |
| NCT02465515 | A2 | ALBI_SC | 34.76 | arm, change | -1.000 | 0.256 | 4,319 | registry:outcomes | |
| LIRA-SWITCH™ | A1 | LIRA_SC | 26 | arm, change | -3.600 | 0.837 | 192 | registry:outcomes | |
| LIRA-SWITCH™ | A2 | SITAGLIPTIN | 26 | arm, change | -2.570 | 0.820 | 200 | registry:outcomes | |
| AWARD-2 | A1+A2 | DULA_SC | 26 | arm, change | -1.441 | 0.551 | 518 | arms_combined | registry:outcomes |
| AWARD-2 | A3 | INS_GLARGINE | 26 | arm, change | -0.030 | 0.800 | 245 | registry:outcomes | |
| DUAL™ VIII | A1 | IDEGLIRA_SC | 26 | arm, change | -1.200 | 0.622 | 506 | registry:outcomes | |
| DUAL™ VIII | A2 | INS_GLARGINE | 26 | arm, change | 0.500 | 0.582 | 506 | registry:outcomes | |
| DURATION-NEO-2 | A1 | EXENER_SC | 28 | arm, change | 1.200 | 0.900 | 181 | R0010641:Table 2 | |
| DURATION-NEO-2 | A2 | SITAGLIPTIN | 28 | arm, change | 0.800 | 1.100 | 122 | R0010641:Table 2 | |
| DURATION-NEO-2 | A3 | PLACEBO | 28 | arm, change | 2.400 | 1.700 | 61 | R0010641:Table 2 | |
| AWARD-6 | A1 | DULA_SC | 26 | arm, change | -3.360 | 0.700 | 278 | registry:outcomes | |
| AWARD-6 | A2 | LIRA_SC | 26 | arm, change | -2.820 | 0.700 | 281 | registry:outcomes | |
| NCT00701935 | A1 | EXEN_SC | 26.07 | arm, change | -7.480 | 2.334 | 29 | registry:outcomes | |
| NCT00701935 | A2 | PLACEBO | 26.07 | arm, change | 1.790 | 2.345 | 28 | registry:outcomes | |
| NCT01191268 | A1+A2 | DULA_SC | 26 | arm, change | -0.808 | 0.618 | 516 | arms_combined | registry:outcomes |
| NCT01191268 | A3 | INS_GLARGINE | 26 | arm, change | 2.230 | 0.880 | 258 | registry:outcomes | |
| SUSTAIN™ 4 | A1+A2 | SEMA_SC | 30 | arm, change | -4.909 | 0.512 | 722 | arms_combined | registry:outcomes |
| SUSTAIN™ 4 | A3 | INS_GLARGINE | 30 | arm, change | -1.680 | 0.680 | 360 | registry:outcomes | |
| DUALTM IX | A1 | IDEGLIRA_SC | 26 | arm, change | -3.000 | 0.876 | 210 | registry:outcomes | |
| DUALTM IX | A2 | INS_GLARGINE | 26 | arm, change | 0.600 | 0.828 | 210 | registry:outcomes | |
| NCT00877890 | A1 | EXENER_SC | 24 | arm, change | -2.900 | 1.130 | 128 | registry:outcomes | |
| NCT00877890 | A2 | EXEN_SC | 24 | arm, change | -1.200 | 1.190 | 120 | registry:outcomes | |
| NCT00360334 | A1 | EXEN_SC | 26 | arm, change | -2.900 | 1.200 | 117 | R0024925:Table 2 | |
| NCT00360334 | A2 | INS_GLARGINE | 26 | arm, change | 0.700 | 1.200 | 114 | R0024925:Table 2 | |
| NCT01003184 | A1 | EXENER_SC | 26 | arm, change | -6.800 | 1.327 | 111 | R0027663:Table 1 | |
| NCT01003184 | A2 | INS_DETEMIR | 26 | arm, change | -2.400 | 1.352 | 105 | R0027663:Table 1 | |
| AWARD-CHN2 | A1+A2 | DULA_SC | 26 | arm, change | -4.153 | 0.531 | 515 | arms_combined | R0023722:Table 2 |
| AWARD-CHN2 | A3 | INS_GLARGINE | 26 | arm, change | -2.220 | 0.801 | 253 | R0023722:Table 2 | |
| NCT00917267 | A1 | EXENER_SC | 26 | arm, change | -5.410 | 0.820 | 340 | R0026895:Table 1 | |
| NCT00917267 | A2 | EXEN_SC | 26 | arm, change | -5.380 | 0.860 | 338 | R0026895:Table 1 | |
| LIGHT-ON | A1 | LIRA_SC | 26 | arm, change | -3.500 | 1.755 | 24 | R0024860:Table 2 | |
| LIGHT-ON | A2 | SITAGLIPTIN | 26 | arm, change | -1.600 | 1.982 | 27 | R0024860:Table 2 | |
| LIGHT-ON | A3 | INS_GLARGINE | 26 | arm, change | 0.600 | 2.266 | 24 | R0024860:Table 2 | |
| DUAL™ II China | A1 | IDEGLIRA_SC | 26 | arm, change | -3.500 | 0.801 | 288 | registry:outcomes | |
| DUAL™ II China | A2 | INS_DEGLUDEC | 26 | arm, change | -0.500 | 1.060 | 139 | registry:outcomes | |
| PIONEER 1 | A1+A2+A3 | SEMA_PO | 26 | arm, change | -4.309 | 0.634 | 466 | arms_combined | registry:outcomes |
| PIONEER 1 | A4 | PLACEBO | 26 | arm, change | -3.000 | 1.114 | 158 | registry:outcomes | |
| NCT00641056 | A1 | EXENER_SC | 26 | arm, change | -3.030 | 1.086 | 233 | registry:outcomes | |
| NCT00641056 | A2 | INS_GLARGINE | 26 | arm, change | -0.630 | 0.999 | 222 | registry:outcomes | |
| ELEGANT | A1 | LIRA_SC | 26 | arm, change | -7.000 | 2.000 | 26 | R0025175:Table 2 | |
| ELEGANT | A2 | STANDARD_CARE | 26 | arm, change | -3.000 | 3.000 | 24 | R0025175:Table 2 | |
| NCT01126580 | A1+A2 | DULA_SC | 26 | arm, change | -2.255 | 0.625 | 495 | arms_combined | registry:outcomes |
| NCT01126580 | A3 | METFORMIN | 26 | arm, change | -0.910 | 0.890 | 239 | registry:outcomes | |
| PIONEER 11 | A1 | SEMA_PO | 26 | contrast, md | 2.000 | 1.531 | R0019663:Supplement Table 7 | ||
| PIONEER 11 | A4 | PLACEBO | 26 | contrast, md | R0019663:Supplement Table 7 | ||||
| SUSTAIN™ 5 | A1+A2 | SEMA_SC | 30 | arm, change | -5.774 | 0.898 | 263 | arms_combined | registry:outcomes |
| SUSTAIN™ 5 | A3 | PLACEBO | 30 | arm, change | -0.990 | 1.340 | 133 | registry:outcomes | |
| PIONEER 9 | A1+A2+A3 | SEMA_PO | 26 | arm, change | -3.342 | 1.020 | 146 | arms_combined | registry:outcomes |
| PIONEER 9 | A4 | LIRA_SC | 26 | arm, change | -1.000 | 1.876 | 48 | registry:outcomes | |
| PIONEER 9 | A5 | PLACEBO | 26 | arm, change | -4.000 | 1.571 | 49 | registry:outcomes | |
| NCT00676338 | A1 | EXENER_SC | 26 | arm, change | -1.300 | 0.800 | 215 | R0027761:Results | |
| NCT00676338 | A2 | METFORMIN | 26 | arm, change | 0.140 | 0.780 | 217 | registry:outcomes | |
| NCT00676338 | A3 | PIOGLITAZONE | 26 | arm, change | -1.700 | 1.000 | 134 | R0027761:Results | |
| NCT00676338 | A4 | SITAGLIPTIN | 26 | arm, change | -1.800 | 1.000 | 141 | R0027761:Results | |
| PIONEER 5 | A1 | SEMA_PO | 26 | arm, change | -8.000 | 1.214 | 133 | registry:outcomes | |
| PIONEER 5 | A2 | PLACEBO | 26 | arm, change | 0.000 | 1.095 | 141 | registry:outcomes | |
| DUAL™ II Japan | A1 | IDEGLIRA_SC | 26 | arm, change | -0.600 | 1.435 | 105 | registry:outcomes | |
| DUAL™ II Japan | A2 | INS_DEGLUDEC | 26 | arm, change | 0.900 | 1.327 | 105 | registry:outcomes | |
| LEAD-5 | A1 | LIRA_SC | 26 | contrast, md | -4.510 | 1.179 | R0027336:Results | ||
| LEAD-5 | A3 | INS_GLARGINE | 26 | contrast, md | R0027336:Results | ||||
| NCT05990374 | A1 | EBENAT_SC | 24 | arm, final | 125.310 | 1.467 | 52 | R0016638:Table 6 | |
| NCT05990374 | A2 | PLACEBO | 24 | arm, final | 128.870 | 2.415 | 24 | R0016638:Supplement Table 1 | |
| AWARD-1 | A1+A2 | DULA_SC | 26 | arm, change | -0.126 | 0.583 | 529 | arms_combined | registry:outcomes |
| AWARD-1 | A3 | EXEN_SC | 26 | arm, change | 0.060 | 0.830 | 259 | registry:outcomes | |
| AWARD-1 | A4 | PLACEBO | 26 | arm, change | 3.400 | 1.130 | 127 | registry:outcomes | |
| NCT00700817 | A1+A2 | LIRA_SC | 26 | arm, change | -0.635 | 0.629 | 427 | arms_combined | registry:outcomes |
| NCT00700817 | A3 | SITAGLIPTIN | 26 | arm, change | -0.940 | 0.890 | 213 | registry:outcomes | |
| PIONEER 8 | A1+A2+A3 | SEMA_PO | 26 | arm, change | -2.989 | 0.622 | 546 | arms_combined | registry:outcomes |
| PIONEER 8 | A4 | PLACEBO | 26 | arm, change | 1.000 | 1.032 | 184 | registry:outcomes | |
| S002858 | A1 | LIXI_SC | 24 | arm, final | 136.600 | 2.194 | 47 | R0001573:Table 2 | |
| S002858 | A2 | PLACEBO | 24 | arm, final | 133.500 | 2.296 | 43 | R0001573:Table 2 | |
| S002904 | A1 | LIRAGL_SC | 24 | arm, final | 126.667 | 2.122 | 59 | median_converted | R0003210:Table 1 |
| S002904 | A2 | LIRA_SC | 24 | arm, final | 132.000 | 1.570 | 57 | median_converted | R0003210:Table 1 |
| S002928 | A1 | PLACEBO | 24 | arm, change | -0.790 | 3.523 | 35 | R0007034:Table 3 | |
| S002928 | A2+A3 | PEGLOX_SC | 24 | arm, change | -0.130 | 2.445 | 70 | arms_combined | R0007034:Table 3 |
| S002969 | A1 | LIRA_SC | 26.07 | arm, change | 6.333 | 4.136 | 12 | median_converted | R0010852:Supplementary Table 12 |
| S002969 | A2 | PLACEBO | 26.07 | arm, change | -3.003 | 0.616 | 13 | median_converted | R0010852:Supplementary Table 12 |
| S003009 | A1 | PEGLOX_SC | 24 | arm, change | -7.200 | 0.944 | 40 | R0011381:Table 2 | |
| S003009 | A2 | DAPAGLIFLOZIN | 24 | arm, change | -4.600 | 0.969 | 40 | R0011381:Table 2 | |
| S003036 | A1 | SEMA_PO | 24 | arm, final | 130.500 | 4.103 | 24 | R0017250:Table 2 | |
| S003036 | A2 | OTHER_ACTIVE_dpp4_inhibitor | 24 | arm, final | 131.600 | 3.483 | 27 | R0017250:Table 2 | |
| S003039 | A1 | DULA_SC | 24 | arm, final | 136.800 | 6.091 | 11 | R0019432:Table 2 | |
| S003039 | A2 | LIRA_SC | 24 | arm, final | 131.600 | 6.362 | 11 | R0019432:Table 2 | |
| S003044 | A1 | EXEN_SC | 24 | arm, final | 126.833 | 2.167 | 40 | median_converted | R0023353:Table 2 |
| S003044 | A2 | INS_PREMIX | 24 | arm, final | 128.700 | 1.655 | 41 | R0023353:Table 2 | |
| S003068 | A1 | LIRA_SC | 24 | arm, final | 131.000 | 3.889 | 8 | R0025603:Table 3 | |
| S003068 | A2 | STANDARD_CARE | 24 | arm, final | 144.000 | 7.000 | 9 | R0025603:Table 3 | |
| S003108 | A1+A3 | LIRA_SC | 24 | arm, final | 134.500 | 0.898 | 60 | arms_combined | R0025278:Table 2 |
| S003108 | A2 | METFORMIN | 24 | arm, final | 141.000 | 1.278 | 30 | R0025278:Table 2 | |
| S003108 | A4 | LIRAMETF_SC | 24 | arm, final | 132.000 | 1.461 | 30 | R0025278:Table 2 | |
| S003152 | A1 | LIRA_SC | 24 | arm, change | -3.980 | 2.497 | 143 | R0022648:Table 3 | |
| S003152 | A2 | DAPAGLIFLOZIN | 24 | arm, change | -5.280 | 1.610 | 166 | R0022648:Table 3 |
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