Pairwise meta-analysis
Body weight change in kilograms (diabetes)
Type 2 diabetes (adults); background therapy: basal insulin with or without non insulin drugs
weeks 20 to 36 (target week 26)While on treatmentDoses of a drug pooledMean differenceConvergence criteria not all met
3
Randomized trials
2
Treatments
1,225
Participants
6
Trial arms
In plain language
Across 3 trials with 1,225 participants, 0 of 1 treatment had a clearly better result than placebo on body weight change in kilograms (diabetes), and for 1 the evidence could not tell it apart from placebo. The most favorable estimate was for Lixisenatide injection: mean difference -0.97 kg (95% credible interval -2.23 to 0.35).
Lower values favor the treatment. "Clearly" means the 95% credible interval excludes no difference. These are averages across trials; they do not say how any one person will respond. Not medical advice.
Network of trials
Each circle is a treatment; each line joins treatments that were randomized against each other in at least one trial.
Effects compared with Placebo
Mean difference in kg. Lower values favor the treatment.
| Treatment | Bayesian MD (95% CrI) | 95% prediction interval | Frequentist MD (95% CI) | Verdict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lixisenatide injection LIXI_SC | -0.97 (-2.23 to 0.35) | -3.42 to 1.46 | -0.97 (-1.40 to -0.55) | Unclear |
Ranking
How likely each treatment is to be among the best. Rankings ignore the size of differences and their certainty, so read them with the effects above.
Heterogeneity, fit and convergence
Bayesian random effects (primary)
Frequentist check (netmeta)
Inconsistency
Do trials comparing two treatments directly agree with the indirect evidence through other treatments?
No comparison here has both direct and indirect evidence, so inconsistency cannot be checked by node splitting.
Small study effects
A comparison adjusted funnel plot: each point is one trial comparison, centered on its own network estimate. Asymmetry can signal that small trials with unfavorable results are missing.
Fewer than ten trial comparisons, too few to judge funnel plot asymmetry.
Baseline characteristics of the trials
The baseline value of each effect modifier or prognostic factor that applies here, per trial: mean or percent over arms, weighted by the number randomized. A note under a value names a stand in (a median for a mean, 100 minus the male share, Asian subgroup rows, an all Asian site list); "not reported" means no source of the trial prints it.
| Trial | Baseline BMI or body weight (kg/m2) effect modifier, prognostic factor; 3 of 3 | Sex (percent female) effect modifier, prognostic factor; 3 of 3 | Background glucose lowering therapy (stratum S0 to S4) effect modifier, prognostic factor; 3 of 3 | Asian ancestry or region (percent Asian) effect modifier, prognostic factor; 3 of 3 | Kidney function (eGFR) (mL/min/1.73 m2) prognostic factor, effect modifier; 0 of 3 | Treatment duration (weeks) effect modifier; 3 of 3 | Lifestyle co-intervention intensity (none standard intensive) effect modifier, prognostic factor; 3 of 3 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GETGOAL-L-ASIA S000488 | 25.3 | 52.09 | S2 | 100 | not reported | 24 | standard |
| NCT01632163 S001963 | 27.7 | 54.65 100 minus male share | S2 | 85.95 | not reported | 24 | not_reported |
| GETGOAL-L S002023 | 32.13 | 53.83 | S2 | 16.73 | not reported | 24 | not_reported |
Comparability of the trials
Checked across designs (the set of treatments each trial compares) for eligibility, outcome definition and assessment, and the baseline factors above. Flags point to possible intransitivity; notes describe variation that is not tied to design.
- FlagBaseline, Kidney function (eGFR): not reported by 3 of 3 trials
- NoteOutcome assessment, intercurrent events (discontinuation): mixed: not stated 1, while_on_treatment 2
| Trial | time weeks | analysis set | definition | instrument | adjudicated | proportion method | intercurrent events (discontinuation) | intercurrent events (rescue) | blinding | funding | start year | Eligibility |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GETGOAL-L-ASIA | 24 | modified_itt | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | double_blind | industry | 2009 | age 25 to 81; type 2 diabetes at least 1 year; stable basal insulin at least 10 U/day with or without sulfonylurea; HbA1c 7 to 10 percent |
| NCT01632163 | 24 | modified_itt | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | while_on_treatment | not stated | double_blind | industry | 2012 | adults; T2D at least 1 year; HbA1c 7 to 10.5 at screening, 7 to 9.5 after run in; basal insulin at least 15 U |
| GETGOAL-L | 24 | modified_itt | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | while_on_treatment | not stated | double_blind | industry | 2008 | adults; HbA1c 7.0 to 10.0 percent; stable basal insulin with or without metformin |
Trial data
What each trial contributes. Arm rows give the arm value with its standard error, or events over participants; contrast rows give the mean difference on the analysis scale against the trial's first row. Flags mark converted, combined or approximated inputs.
| Trial | Arm | Treatment | Week | Data | Value | SE | Events / N | Flags | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GETGOAL-L-ASIA | A1 | LIXI_SC | 24 | arm, change | -0.380 | 0.284 | 150 | registry:outcomes | |
| GETGOAL-L-ASIA | A2 | PLACEBO | 24 | arm, change | 0.060 | 0.271 | 157 | registry:outcomes | |
| NCT01632163 | A1 | LIXI_SC | 24 | arm, change | -1.200 | 0.200 | 223 | R0014725:Table 2 | |
| NCT01632163 | A2 | PLACEBO | 24 | arm, change | -0.100 | 0.200 | 223 | R0014725:Table 2 | |
| GETGOAL-L | A1 | PLACEBO | 24 | arm, change | -0.520 | 0.293 | 161 | registry:outcomes | |
| GETGOAL-L | A2 | LIXI_SC | 24 | arm, change | -1.800 | 0.246 | 311 | registry:outcomes |
Rerun this analysis yourself
Remove treatments or trials and refit the frequentist and Bayesian models in your browser, with the same methods as the published analysis.