Pairwise meta-analysis
HbA1c below 7 percent
Type 2 diabetes (adults); background therapy: one or more non insulin glucose lowering drugs
weeks 20 to 36 (target week 26)While on treatmentEach dose separatelyOdds ratio
3
Randomized trials
2
Treatments
1,647
Participants
606
Events
In plain language
Across 3 trials with 1,647 participants, 1 of 1 treatment had a clearly better result than placebo on HbA1c below 7 percent. The most favorable estimate was for Lixisenatide 20 ug subcutaneous once daily: odds ratio 2.70 (95% credible interval 1.42 to 4.92).
Higher values favor the treatment. "Clearly" means the 95% credible interval excludes no difference. These are averages across trials; they do not say how any one person will respond. Not medical advice.
Network of trials
Each circle is a treatment; each line joins treatments that were randomized against each other in at least one trial.
Effects compared with Placebo
Odds ratio. Higher values favor the treatment.
| Treatment | Bayesian OR (95% CrI) | 95% prediction interval | Frequentist OR (95% CI) | Verdict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lixisenatide 20 ug subcutaneous once daily LIXI_SC_20UG_QD | 2.70 (1.42 to 4.92) | 0.81 to 8.00 | 2.72 (1.77 to 4.18) | Better |
Ranking
How likely each treatment is to be among the best. Rankings ignore the size of differences and their certainty, so read them with the effects above.
Heterogeneity, fit and convergence
Bayesian random effects (primary)
Frequentist check (netmeta)
Inconsistency
Do trials comparing two treatments directly agree with the indirect evidence through other treatments?
No comparison here has both direct and indirect evidence, so inconsistency cannot be checked by node splitting.
Small study effects
A comparison adjusted funnel plot: each point is one trial comparison, centered on its own network estimate. Asymmetry can signal that small trials with unfavorable results are missing.
Fewer than ten trial comparisons, too few to judge funnel plot asymmetry.
Baseline characteristics of the trials
The baseline value of each effect modifier or prognostic factor that applies here, per trial: mean or percent over arms, weighted by the number randomized. A note under a value names a stand in (a median for a mean, 100 minus the male share, Asian subgroup rows, an all Asian site list); "not reported" means no source of the trial prints it.
| Trial | Baseline HbA1c (percent) effect modifier, prognostic factor; 3 of 3 | Background glucose lowering therapy (stratum S0 to S4) effect modifier, prognostic factor; 3 of 3 | Diabetes duration (years) effect modifier, prognostic factor; 2 of 3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| GETGOAL-S S000491 | 8.26 | S1 | not reported |
| GetGoal-M-Asia S001185 | 7.9 | S1 | 6.64 |
| GETGOAL-P S001204 | 8.07 | S1 | 8.1 |
Comparability of the trials
Checked across designs (the set of treatments each trial compares) for eligibility, outcome definition and assessment, and the baseline factors above. Flags point to possible intransitivity; notes describe variation that is not tied to design.
- FlagBaseline, Diabetes duration: not reported by 1 of 3 trials
- NoteOutcome assessment, intercurrent events (discontinuation): mixed: not stated 2, while_on_treatment 1
- NoteData handling, input conversions: count_from_percent 6
| Trial | time weeks | analysis set | definition | instrument | adjudicated | proportion method | intercurrent events (discontinuation) | intercurrent events (rescue) | blinding | funding | start year | Eligibility |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GETGOAL-S | 24 | modified_itt | not stated | not stated | not stated | not_stated | not stated | not stated | double_blind | industry | 2008 | adults on sulfonylurea with or without metformin; HbA1c 7 to 10 percent |
| GetGoal-M-Asia | 24 | modified_itt | not stated | not stated | not stated | not_stated | while_on_treatment | not stated | double_blind | industry | 2010 | Asian adults with type 2 diabetes on metformin with or without sulfonylurea |
| GETGOAL-P | 24 | modified_itt | not stated | not stated | not stated | not_stated | not stated | not stated | double_blind | industry | 2008 | type 2 diabetes on pioglitazone 30 mg or more with or without metformin; HbA1c 7 percent or more |
Trial data
What each trial contributes. Arm rows give the arm value with its standard error, or events over participants; contrast rows give the odds ratio on the analysis scale (log) against the trial's first row. Flags mark converted, combined or approximated inputs.
| Trial | Arm | Treatment | Week | Data | Value | SE | Events / N | Flags | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GETGOAL-S | A1 | PLACEBO | 24 | arm, responders | 37 / 274 | count_from_percent | registry:outcomes | ||
| GETGOAL-S | A2 | LIXI_SC_20UG_QD | 24 | arm, responders | 198 / 544 | count_from_percent | registry:outcomes | ||
| GetGoal-M-Asia | A1 | PLACEBO | 24 | arm, responders | 73 / 188 | count_from_percent | registry:outcomes | ||
| GetGoal-M-Asia | A2 | LIXI_SC_20UG_QD | 24 | arm, responders | 98 / 185 | count_from_percent | registry:outcomes | ||
| GETGOAL-P | A1 | PLACEBO | 24 | arm, responders | 39 / 148 | count_from_percent | registry:outcomes | ||
| GETGOAL-P | A2 | LIXI_SC_20UG_QD | 24 | arm, responders | 161 / 308 | count_from_percent | registry:outcomes |
Rerun this analysis yourself
Remove treatments or trials and refit the frequentist and Bayesian models in your browser, with the same methods as the published analysis.