Network meta-analysis
Body weight change in kilograms (diabetes)
Type 2 diabetes (adults); background therapy: one or more non insulin glucose lowering drugs
weeks 36 to 64 (target week 52)Hypothetical (as if everyone stayed on treatment)Each dose separatelyMean difference
10
Randomized trials
18
Treatments
7,751
Participants
31
Trial arms
In plain language
Across 10 trials with 7,751 participants, 6 of 17 treatments had a clearly better result than placebo on body weight change in kilograms (diabetes), 1 a clearly worse one, and for 10 the evidence could not tell them apart from placebo. The most favorable estimate was for Semaglutide 16 mg injection once weekly: mean difference -10.36 kg (95% credible interval -14.67 to -5.94).
Lower values favor the treatment. "Clearly" means the 95% credible interval excludes no difference. These are averages across trials; they do not say how any one person will respond. Not medical advice.
Network of trials
Each circle is a treatment; each line joins treatments that were randomized against each other in at least one trial.
Effects compared with Placebo
Mean difference in kg. Lower values favor the treatment.
| Treatment | Bayesian MD (95% CrI) | 95% prediction interval | Frequentist MD (95% CI) | Verdict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Semaglutide 16 mg injection once weekly SEMA_SC_16MG_QW | -10.36 (-14.67 to -5.94) | -15.49 to -5.20 | -10.70 (-14.84 to -6.56) | Better |
| Orforglipron 36 mg oral once daily ORFO_PO_36MG_QD | -7.39 (-10.89 to -3.26) | -11.70 to -2.30 | -7.83 (-11.06 to -4.59) | Better |
| Tirzepatide 15 mg subcutaneous once weekly TIRZ_SC_15MG_QW | -7.14 (-11.33 to -2.22) | -12.22 to -1.34 | -7.69 (-12.10 to -3.28) | Better |
| Tirzepatide 10 mg subcutaneous once weekly TIRZ_SC_10MG_QW | -5.98 (-10.20 to -1.11) | -11.05 to -0.27 | -6.52 (-10.93 to -2.11) | Better |
| Orforglipron 12 mg oral once daily ORFO_PO_12MG_QD | -5.12 (-8.62 to -1.04) | -9.61 to -0.17 | -5.53 (-8.74 to -2.31) | Better |
| Semaglutide 14 mg oral once daily (original tablet) SEMA_PO_14MG_QD | -3.48 (-5.94 to -0.65) | -7.13 to 0.58 | -3.80 (-6.18 to -1.42) | Better |
| Tirzepatide 5 mg subcutaneous once weekly TIRZ_SC_5MG_QW | -3.41 (-7.58 to 1.58) | -8.39 to 2.45 | -3.95 (-8.36 to 0.46) | Unclear |
| Dulaglutide 4.5 mg subcutaneous once weekly DULA_SC_4p5MG_QW | -2.76 (-7.10 to 2.19) | -7.93 to 3.05 | -3.21 (-7.45 to 1.04) | Unclear |
| Semaglutide 7 mg oral once daily (original tablet) SEMA_PO_7MG_QD | -2.24 (-5.18 to 1.32) | -6.21 to 2.28 | -2.65 (-5.52 to 0.23) | Unclear |
| Dulaglutide 3.0 mg subcutaneous once weekly DULA_SC_3p0MG_QW | -2.00 (-6.42 to 3.00) | -7.28 to 3.87 | -2.51 (-6.75 to 1.74) | Unclear |
| Semaglutide 3 mg oral once daily (original tablet) SEMA_PO_3MG_QD | -1.27 (-4.79 to 2.60) | -5.83 to 3.73 | -1.67 (-4.88 to 1.53) | Unclear |
| Dulaglutide 1.5 mg subcutaneous once weekly DULA_SC_1p5MG_QW | -1.20 (-4.74 to 2.65) | -5.73 to 3.57 | -1.71 (-5.33 to 1.92) | Unclear |
| Exenatide 10 ug subcutaneous twice daily EXEN_SC_10UG_BID | -1.19 (-5.17 to 3.30) | -6.12 to 4.15 | -1.66 (-5.56 to 2.25) | Unclear |
| Albiglutide flexible dose injection once weekly ALBI_SC_FLEX_30-50_QW | -0.25 (-5.01 to 4.89) | -5.66 to 5.60 | -0.78 (-5.23 to 3.67) | Unclear |
| Dulaglutide 0.75 mg subcutaneous once weekly DULA_SC_0p75MG_QW | -0.20 (-3.40 to 3.32) | -4.35 to 4.33 | -0.67 (-3.92 to 2.57) | Unclear |
| Insulin glargine INS_GLARGINE | 2.37 (-1.45 to 6.52) | -2.33 to 7.56 | 1.85 (-2.01 to 5.71) | Unclear |
| Insulin degludec INS_DEGLUDEC | 7.13 (2.42 to 12.43) | 1.48 to 13.08 | 6.61 (1.88 to 11.34) | Worse |
Ranking
How likely each treatment is to be among the best. Rankings ignore the size of differences and their certainty, so read them with the effects above.
League table
Every treatment against every other: mean difference of the row treatment versus the column treatment, posterior median and 95% credible interval. Green: row clearly better; red: row clearly worse.
| Row versus column | PLACEBO | SEMA_SC_16MG_QW | ORFO_PO_36MG_QD | TIRZ_SC_15MG_QW | TIRZ_SC_10MG_QW | ORFO_PO_12MG_QD | SEMA_PO_14MG_QD | TIRZ_SC_5MG_QW | DULA_SC_4p5MG_QW | SEMA_PO_7MG_QD | DULA_SC_3p0MG_QW | SEMA_PO_3MG_QD | DULA_SC_1p5MG_QW | EXEN_SC_10UG_BID | ALBI_SC_FLEX_30-50_QW | DULA_SC_0p75MG_QW | INS_GLARGINE | INS_DEGLUDEC |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PLACEBO | PLACEBO | 10.36 5.94 to 14.67 | 7.39 3.26 to 10.89 | 7.14 2.22 to 11.33 | 5.98 1.11 to 10.20 | 5.12 1.04 to 8.62 | 3.48 0.65 to 5.94 | 3.41 -1.58 to 7.58 | 2.76 -2.19 to 7.10 | 2.24 -1.32 to 5.18 | 2.00 -3.00 to 6.42 | 1.27 -2.60 to 4.79 | 1.20 -2.65 to 4.74 | 1.19 -3.30 to 5.17 | 0.25 -4.89 to 5.01 | 0.20 -3.32 to 3.40 | -2.37 -6.52 to 1.45 | -7.13 -12.43 to -2.42 |
| SEMA_SC_16MG_QW | -10.36 -14.67 to -5.94 | SEMA_SC_16MG_QW | -2.98 -9.01 to 2.63 | -3.22 -9.78 to 2.98 | -4.39 -11.05 to 1.89 | -5.27 -11.09 to 0.40 | -6.92 -11.92 to -1.75 | -6.96 -13.51 to -0.71 | -7.70 -14.27 to -1.14 | -8.14 -13.67 to -2.76 | -8.41 -14.83 to -2.02 | -9.06 -15.05 to -3.50 | -9.16 -14.93 to -3.36 | -9.18 -15.27 to -3.10 | -10.09 -16.84 to -3.67 | -10.15 -15.70 to -4.71 | -12.76 -18.82 to -6.77 | -17.46 -24.35 to -10.81 |
| ORFO_PO_36MG_QD | -7.39 -10.89 to -3.26 | 2.98 -2.63 to 9.01 | ORFO_PO_36MG_QD | -0.28 -5.31 to 4.63 | -1.42 -6.30 to 3.33 | -2.29 -5.15 to 0.84 | -3.91 -6.70 to -0.93 | -4.02 -8.92 to 0.88 | -4.68 -9.58 to 0.38 | -5.14 -7.87 to -2.31 | -5.41 -10.17 to -0.34 | -6.11 -9.68 to -2.31 | -6.18 -10.09 to -2.07 | -6.20 -10.57 to -1.70 | -7.18 -12.25 to -1.75 | -7.18 -10.66 to -3.45 | -9.78 -13.90 to -5.37 | -14.52 -19.76 to -9.01 |
| TIRZ_SC_15MG_QW | -7.14 -11.33 to -2.22 | 3.22 -2.98 to 9.78 | 0.28 -4.63 to 5.31 | TIRZ_SC_15MG_QW | -1.16 -3.37 to 1.05 | -2.02 -6.88 to 2.99 | -3.63 -7.79 to 0.74 | -3.72 -5.90 to -1.54 | -4.41 -9.00 to 0.57 | -4.86 -9.27 to -0.35 | -5.13 -9.81 to -0.33 | -5.82 -10.35 to -1.12 | -5.88 -9.47 to -2.14 | -5.93 -10.22 to -1.53 | -6.86 -10.76 to -2.77 | -6.86 -10.55 to -3.12 | -9.46 -12.08 to -6.76 | -14.25 -17.01 to -11.31 |
| TIRZ_SC_10MG_QW | -5.98 -10.20 to -1.11 | 4.39 -1.89 to 11.05 | 1.42 -3.33 to 6.30 | 1.16 -1.05 to 3.37 | TIRZ_SC_10MG_QW | -0.88 -5.55 to 4.21 | -2.49 -6.58 to 1.87 | -2.58 -4.81 to -0.44 | -3.26 -7.89 to 1.58 | -3.72 -8.04 to 0.72 | -3.99 -8.66 to 0.77 | -4.67 -9.18 to -0.07 | -4.76 -8.29 to -0.98 | -4.77 -9.05 to -0.36 | -5.71 -9.78 to -1.67 | -5.72 -9.30 to -1.99 | -8.33 -10.98 to -5.55 | -13.08 -15.87 to -10.13 |
| ORFO_PO_12MG_QD | -5.12 -8.62 to -1.04 | 5.27 -0.40 to 11.09 | 2.29 -0.84 to 5.15 | 2.02 -2.99 to 6.88 | 0.88 -4.21 to 5.55 | ORFO_PO_12MG_QD | -1.64 -4.47 to 1.29 | -1.69 -6.73 to 2.96 | -2.43 -7.19 to 2.63 | -2.86 -5.71 to 0.02 | -3.14 -7.98 to 1.76 | -3.83 -7.49 to -0.10 | -3.87 -7.76 to 0.01 | -3.90 -8.39 to 0.49 | -4.86 -10.16 to 0.34 | -4.87 -8.39 to -1.31 | -7.46 -11.80 to -3.16 | -12.25 -17.53 to -6.80 |
| SEMA_PO_14MG_QD | -3.48 -5.94 to -0.65 | 6.92 1.75 to 11.92 | 3.91 0.93 to 6.70 | 3.63 -0.74 to 7.79 | 2.49 -1.87 to 6.58 | 1.64 -1.29 to 4.47 | SEMA_PO_14MG_QD | -0.08 -4.42 to 3.98 | -0.79 -5.17 to 3.48 | -1.23 -3.32 to 0.74 | -1.52 -5.88 to 2.60 | -2.19 -4.96 to 0.62 | -2.26 -5.46 to 0.85 | -2.28 -6.20 to 1.49 | -3.23 -7.96 to 1.36 | -3.25 -5.88 to -0.63 | -5.84 -9.38 to -2.33 | -10.58 -15.36 to -6.10 |
| TIRZ_SC_5MG_QW | -3.41 -7.58 to 1.58 | 6.96 0.71 to 13.51 | 4.02 -0.88 to 8.92 | 3.72 1.54 to 5.90 | 2.58 0.44 to 4.81 | 1.69 -2.96 to 6.73 | 0.08 -3.98 to 4.42 | TIRZ_SC_5MG_QW | -0.71 -5.32 to 4.10 | -1.13 -5.42 to 3.36 | -1.41 -5.92 to 3.30 | -2.11 -6.61 to 2.54 | -2.17 -5.71 to 1.58 | -2.20 -6.45 to 2.24 | -3.13 -6.96 to 0.92 | -3.16 -6.73 to 0.63 | -5.76 -8.39 to -2.99 | -10.53 -13.26 to -7.50 |
| DULA_SC_4p5MG_QW | -2.76 -7.10 to 2.19 | 7.70 1.14 to 14.27 | 4.68 -0.38 to 9.58 | 4.41 -0.57 to 9.00 | 3.26 -1.58 to 7.89 | 2.43 -2.63 to 7.19 | 0.79 -3.48 to 5.17 | 0.71 -4.10 to 5.32 | DULA_SC_4p5MG_QW | -0.43 -4.90 to 3.97 | -0.70 -3.67 to 2.22 | -1.43 -6.11 to 3.11 | -1.47 -4.34 to 1.45 | -1.49 -5.68 to 2.50 | -2.43 -7.36 to 2.41 | -2.47 -6.19 to 1.17 | -5.04 -9.07 to -1.08 | -9.82 -15.01 to -4.71 |
| SEMA_PO_7MG_QD | -2.24 -5.18 to 1.32 | 8.14 2.76 to 13.67 | 5.14 2.31 to 7.87 | 4.86 0.35 to 9.27 | 3.72 -0.72 to 8.04 | 2.86 -0.02 to 5.71 | 1.23 -0.74 to 3.32 | 1.13 -3.36 to 5.42 | 0.43 -3.97 to 4.90 | SEMA_PO_7MG_QD | -0.31 -4.51 to 4.01 | -0.99 -3.72 to 1.95 | -1.05 -4.24 to 2.31 | -1.05 -4.94 to 2.77 | -2.01 -6.78 to 2.64 | -2.03 -4.69 to 0.78 | -4.63 -8.23 to -0.96 | -9.38 -14.27 to -4.43 |
| DULA_SC_3p0MG_QW | -2.00 -6.42 to 3.00 | 8.41 2.02 to 14.83 | 5.41 0.34 to 10.17 | 5.13 0.33 to 9.81 | 3.99 -0.77 to 8.66 | 3.14 -1.76 to 7.98 | 1.52 -2.60 to 5.88 | 1.41 -3.30 to 5.92 | 0.70 -2.22 to 3.67 | 0.31 -4.01 to 4.51 | DULA_SC_3p0MG_QW | -0.70 -5.23 to 3.90 | -0.76 -3.70 to 2.28 | -0.80 -4.93 to 3.38 | -1.74 -6.64 to 3.13 | -1.76 -5.30 to 1.88 | -4.36 -8.35 to -0.37 | -9.11 -14.31 to -3.93 |
| SEMA_PO_3MG_QD | -1.27 -4.79 to 2.60 | 9.06 3.50 to 15.05 | 6.11 2.31 to 9.68 | 5.82 1.12 to 10.35 | 4.67 0.07 to 9.18 | 3.83 0.10 to 7.49 | 2.19 -0.62 to 4.96 | 2.11 -2.54 to 6.61 | 1.43 -3.11 to 6.11 | 0.99 -1.95 to 3.72 | 0.70 -3.90 to 5.23 | SEMA_PO_3MG_QD | -0.05 -3.50 to 3.48 | -0.06 -4.02 to 3.76 | -1.01 -6.02 to 3.87 | -1.04 -4.04 to 1.90 | -3.65 -7.50 to 0.23 | -8.42 -13.51 to -3.39 |
| DULA_SC_1p5MG_QW | -1.20 -4.74 to 2.65 | 9.16 3.36 to 14.93 | 6.18 2.07 to 10.09 | 5.88 2.14 to 9.47 | 4.76 0.98 to 8.29 | 3.87 -0.01 to 7.76 | 2.26 -0.85 to 5.46 | 2.17 -1.58 to 5.71 | 1.47 -1.45 to 4.34 | 1.05 -2.31 to 4.24 | 0.76 -2.28 to 3.70 | 0.05 -3.48 to 3.50 | DULA_SC_1p5MG_QW | -0.00 -2.85 to 2.69 | -0.97 -5.01 to 2.89 | -1.00 -3.11 to 1.09 | -3.58 -6.24 to -1.02 | -8.35 -12.57 to -4.16 |
| EXEN_SC_10UG_BID | -1.19 -5.17 to 3.30 | 9.18 3.10 to 15.27 | 6.20 1.70 to 10.57 | 5.93 1.53 to 10.22 | 4.77 0.36 to 9.05 | 3.90 -0.49 to 8.39 | 2.28 -1.49 to 6.20 | 2.20 -2.24 to 6.45 | 1.49 -2.50 to 5.68 | 1.05 -2.77 to 4.94 | 0.80 -3.38 to 4.93 | 0.06 -3.76 to 4.02 | 0.00 -2.69 to 2.85 | EXEN_SC_10UG_BID | -0.97 -5.61 to 3.69 | -0.94 -3.64 to 1.81 | -3.55 -7.13 to 0.08 | -8.30 -13.12 to -3.47 |
| ALBI_SC_FLEX_30-50_QW | -0.25 -5.01 to 4.89 | 10.09 3.67 to 16.84 | 7.18 1.75 to 12.25 | 6.86 2.77 to 10.76 | 5.71 1.67 to 9.78 | 4.86 -0.34 to 10.16 | 3.23 -1.36 to 7.96 | 3.13 -0.92 to 6.96 | 2.43 -2.41 to 7.36 | 2.01 -2.64 to 6.78 | 1.74 -3.13 to 6.64 | 1.01 -3.87 to 6.02 | 0.97 -2.89 to 5.01 | 0.97 -3.69 to 5.61 | ALBI_SC_FLEX_30-50_QW | -0.01 -3.93 to 4.09 | -2.62 -5.52 to 0.37 | -7.38 -11.84 to -2.87 |
| DULA_SC_0p75MG_QW | -0.20 -3.40 to 3.32 | 10.15 4.71 to 15.70 | 7.18 3.45 to 10.66 | 6.86 3.12 to 10.55 | 5.72 1.99 to 9.30 | 4.87 1.31 to 8.39 | 3.25 0.63 to 5.88 | 3.16 -0.63 to 6.73 | 2.47 -1.17 to 6.19 | 2.03 -0.78 to 4.69 | 1.76 -1.88 to 5.30 | 1.04 -1.90 to 4.04 | 1.00 -1.09 to 3.11 | 0.94 -1.81 to 3.64 | 0.01 -4.09 to 3.93 | DULA_SC_0p75MG_QW | -2.59 -5.26 to 0.08 | -7.35 -11.67 to -3.11 |
| INS_GLARGINE | 2.37 -1.45 to 6.52 | 12.76 6.77 to 18.82 | 9.78 5.37 to 13.90 | 9.46 6.76 to 12.08 | 8.33 5.55 to 10.98 | 7.46 3.16 to 11.80 | 5.84 2.33 to 9.38 | 5.76 2.99 to 8.39 | 5.04 1.08 to 9.07 | 4.63 0.96 to 8.23 | 4.36 0.37 to 8.35 | 3.65 -0.23 to 7.50 | 3.58 1.02 to 6.24 | 3.55 -0.08 to 7.13 | 2.62 -0.37 to 5.52 | 2.59 -0.08 to 5.26 | INS_GLARGINE | -4.78 -8.20 to -1.30 |
| INS_DEGLUDEC | 7.13 2.42 to 12.43 | 17.46 10.81 to 24.35 | 14.52 9.01 to 19.76 | 14.25 11.31 to 17.01 | 13.08 10.13 to 15.87 | 12.25 6.80 to 17.53 | 10.58 6.10 to 15.36 | 10.53 7.50 to 13.26 | 9.82 4.71 to 15.01 | 9.38 4.43 to 14.27 | 9.11 3.93 to 14.31 | 8.42 3.39 to 13.51 | 8.35 4.16 to 12.57 | 8.30 3.47 to 13.12 | 7.38 2.87 to 11.84 | 7.35 3.11 to 11.67 | 4.78 1.30 to 8.20 | INS_DEGLUDEC |
Heterogeneity, fit and convergence
Bayesian random effects (primary)
Frequentist check (netmeta)
Inconsistency
Do trials comparing two treatments directly agree with the indirect evidence through other treatments?
No comparison here has both direct and indirect evidence, so inconsistency cannot be checked by node splitting; the between designs Q above is the global check.
Small study effects
A comparison adjusted funnel plot: each point is one trial comparison, centered on its own network estimate. Asymmetry can signal that small trials with unfavorable results are missing.
Fewer than ten trial comparisons, too few to judge funnel plot asymmetry.
Baseline characteristics of the trials
The baseline value of each effect modifier or prognostic factor that applies here, per trial: mean or percent over arms, weighted by the number randomized. A note under a value names a stand in (a median for a mean, 100 minus the male share, Asian subgroup rows, an all Asian site list); "not reported" means no source of the trial prints it.
| Trial | Asian ancestry or region (percent Asian) effect modifier, prognostic factor; 10 of 10 | Baseline BMI or body weight (kg/m2) effect modifier, prognostic factor; 10 of 10 | Sex (percent female) effect modifier, prognostic factor; 10 of 10 | Background glucose lowering therapy (stratum S0 to S4) effect modifier, prognostic factor; 10 of 10 | Kidney function (eGFR) (mL/min/1.73 m2) prognostic factor, effect modifier; 6 of 10 | Treatment duration (weeks) effect modifier; 10 of 10 | Lifestyle co-intervention intensity (none standard intensive) effect modifier, prognostic factor; 10 of 10 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PIONEER 4 S000133 | 13.4 | 32.94 | 48 | S1 | 95.8 | 52 | not_reported |
| AWARD-11 S000046 | 2.43 | 34.23 | 48.76 | S1 | 93.47 | 52 | not_reported |
| NCT00838916 S000099 | 5.13 Asian subgroup rows | 33.13 | 43.94 | S1 | not reported | 156 | not_reported |
| PIONEER 10 S000234 | 100 | 26.26 | 25.74 | S1 | 96.57 | 52 | not_reported |
| ACHIEVE-3 S000438 | 11.9 | 35.1 | 48.59 | S1 | 90.6 | 52 | not_reported |
| NCT04093752 S000909 | 97.27 | 27.87 | 43.62 | S1 | 101.53 | 40 | not_reported |
| AWARD-2 S001130 | 16.91 | 31.55 | 48.52 | S1 | not reported | 78 | not_reported |
| NCT05486065 S001555 | 1.49 | 37.65 | 48.69 | S1 | not reported | 40 | not_reported |
| SURPASS-3 S001591 | 5.4 | 33.5 | 44.04 | S1 | 94.1 | 52 | not_reported |
| AWARD-1 S002153 | 2.45 | 33.16 | 41.51 | S1 | eGFR below 60: 2.8 percent | 52 | not_reported |
Comparability of the trials
Checked across designs (the set of treatments each trial compares) for eligibility, outcome definition and assessment, and the baseline factors above. Flags point to possible intransitivity; notes describe variation that is not tied to design.
- FlagBaseline, Baseline BMI or body weight: design means range from 26.3 (DULA_SC_0p75MG_QW vs SEMA_PO_14MG_QD vs SEMA_PO_3MG_QD vs SEMA_PO_7MG_QD) to 37.7 (PLACEBO vs SEMA_SC_16MG_QW) kg/m2; threshold 3
- FlagBaseline, Sex: design means range from 25.7 (DULA_SC_0p75MG_QW vs SEMA_PO_14MG_QD vs SEMA_PO_3MG_QD vs SEMA_PO_7MG_QD) to 48.8 (DULA_SC_1p5MG_QW vs DULA_SC_3p0MG_QW vs DULA_SC_4p5MG_QW) percent female; threshold 15
- FlagBaseline, Asian ancestry or region: design means range from 1.5 (PLACEBO vs SEMA_SC_16MG_QW) to 100.0 (DULA_SC_0p75MG_QW vs SEMA_PO_14MG_QD vs SEMA_PO_3MG_QD vs SEMA_PO_7MG_QD) percent Asian; threshold 30
- FlagBaseline, Kidney function (eGFR): not reported by 4 of 10 trials
- FlagBaseline, Treatment duration: design means range from 40.0 (INS_GLARGINE vs TIRZ_SC_10MG_QW vs TIRZ_SC_15MG_QW vs TIRZ_SC_5MG_QW) to 156.0 (ALBI_SC_FLEX_30-50_QW vs INS_GLARGINE) weeks; threshold 26
- NoteOutcome assessment, time point: selected time points span 40 to 52 weeks
- NoteOutcome assessment, analysis set: mixed: full_analysis 3, modified_itt 7
- NoteOutcome assessment, intercurrent events (discontinuation): mixed: hypothetical 7, not stated 3
- NoteRisk of bias, blinding: mixed: double_blind 4, open_label 5, single_blind 1
| Trial | time weeks | analysis set | definition | instrument | adjudicated | proportion method | intercurrent events (discontinuation) | intercurrent events (rescue) | blinding | funding | start year | Eligibility |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PIONEER 4 | 52 | full_analysis | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | hypothetical | hypothetical | double_blind | industry | 2016 | Age 18 or older; T2D on metformin with or without SGLT2i; HbA1c 7.0 to 9.5 percent; eGFR 60 or more |
| AWARD-11 | 52 | modified_itt | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | hypothetical | hypothetical | double_blind | industry | 2018 | age 18 or older; HbA1c 7.5 to 11.0%; BMI 25 or more; metformin 1500 mg/day or more; GLP-1 RA and insulin naive |
| NCT00838916 | 52 | modified_itt | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | hypothetical | open_label | industry | 2009 | age 18 or older, HbA1c 7.0 to 10.0 percent, BMI 20 to 45, creatinine clearance above 60 |
| PIONEER 10 | 52 | full_analysis | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | hypothetical | hypothetical | single_blind | industry | 2017 | Japanese adults 20 or older; T2D; HbA1c 7.0 to 10.5 percent on one oral glucose lowering drug |
| ACHIEVE-3 | 52 | modified_itt | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | hypothetical | hypothetical | open_label | industry | 2023 | adults T2D on metformin; HbA1c 7.0 to 10.5 percent |
| NCT04093752 | 40 | modified_itt | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | hypothetical | hypothetical | open_label | industry | 2019 | adults with T2D on metformin with or without sulfonylurea |
| AWARD-2 | 52 | modified_itt | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | hypothetical | open_label | industry | 2010 | type 2 diabetes on metformin and glimepiride |
| NCT05486065 | 40 | full_analysis | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | hypothetical | hypothetical | double_blind | industry | 2022 | age 18 to 64; HbA1c 7.0 to 10.5; BMI 27 or more; on metformin |
| SURPASS-3 | 52 | modified_itt | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | hypothetical | hypothetical | open_label | industry | 2019 | insulin naive; HbA1c 7.0 to 10.5 percent; BMI at least 25; metformin with or without SGLT2i; eGFR above 45 |
| AWARD-1 | 52 | modified_itt | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | not stated | hypothetical | double_blind | industry | 2010 | adults with type 2 diabetes on metformin and pioglitazone |
Trial data
What each trial contributes. Arm rows give the arm value with its standard error, or events over participants; contrast rows give the mean difference on the analysis scale against the trial's first row. Flags mark converted, combined or approximated inputs.
| Trial | Arm | Treatment | Week | Data | Value | SE | Events / N | Flags | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AWARD-11 | A1 | DULA_SC_1p5MG_QW | 52 | arm, change | -3.500 | 0.210 | 601 | R0022086:Table 1 | |
| AWARD-11 | A2 | DULA_SC_3p0MG_QW | 52 | arm, change | -4.300 | 0.210 | 604 | R0022086:Table 1 | |
| AWARD-11 | A3 | DULA_SC_4p5MG_QW | 52 | arm, change | -5.000 | 0.210 | 604 | R0022086:Table 1 | |
| NCT00838916 | A1 | ALBI_SC_FLEX_30-50_QW | 52 | arm, change | -1.060 | 0.171 | 496 | R0025374:p4 | |
| NCT00838916 | A2 | INS_GLARGINE | 52 | arm, change | 1.570 | 0.246 | 239 | R0025374:p4 | |
| PIONEER 4 | A1 | SEMA_PO_14MG_QD | 52 | contrast, md | -3.800 | 0.536 | R0015836:Figure 3B | ||
| PIONEER 4 | A3 | PLACEBO | 52 | contrast, md | R0015836:Figure 3B | ||||
| PIONEER 10 | A1 | SEMA_PO_3MG_QD | 52 | arm, change | 0.100 | 0.300 | 103 | R0018421:Figure 3D | |
| PIONEER 10 | A2 | SEMA_PO_7MG_QD | 52 | arm, change | -1.000 | 0.300 | 115 | R0018421:Figure 3D | |
| PIONEER 10 | A3 | SEMA_PO_14MG_QD | 52 | arm, change | -1.900 | 0.300 | 113 | R0018421:Figure 3D | |
| PIONEER 10 | A4 | DULA_SC_0p75MG_QW | 52 | arm, change | 1.100 | 0.400 | 56 | R0018421:Figure 3D | |
| ACHIEVE-3 | A1 | ORFO_PO_12MG_QD | 52 | arm, change | -6.600 | 0.340 | 331 | registry:outcomes | |
| ACHIEVE-3 | A2 | ORFO_PO_36MG_QD | 52 | arm, change | -8.900 | 0.390 | 323 | registry:outcomes | |
| ACHIEVE-3 | A3 | SEMA_PO_7MG_QD | 52 | arm, change | -3.600 | 0.260 | 325 | registry:outcomes | |
| ACHIEVE-3 | A4 | SEMA_PO_14MG_QD | 52 | arm, change | -5.000 | 0.290 | 356 | registry:outcomes | |
| NCT04093752 | A1 | TIRZ_SC_5MG_QW | 40 | arm, change | -5.000 | 0.320 | 211 | registry:outcomes | |
| NCT04093752 | A2 | TIRZ_SC_10MG_QW | 40 | arm, change | -7.000 | 0.330 | 194 | registry:outcomes | |
| NCT04093752 | A3 | TIRZ_SC_15MG_QW | 40 | arm, change | -7.200 | 0.330 | 193 | registry:outcomes | |
| NCT04093752 | A4 | INS_GLARGINE | 40 | arm, change | 1.500 | 0.330 | 194 | registry:outcomes | |
| AWARD-2 | A1 | DULA_SC_1p5MG_QW | 52 | arm, change | -1.870 | 0.240 | 272 | registry:outcomes | |
| AWARD-2 | A2 | DULA_SC_0p75MG_QW | 52 | arm, change | -1.330 | 0.240 | 270 | registry:outcomes | |
| AWARD-2 | A3 | INS_GLARGINE | 52 | arm, change | 1.440 | 0.240 | 259 | registry:outcomes | |
| NCT05486065 | A3 | SEMA_SC_16MG_QW | 40 | contrast, md | -10.700 | 1.811 | R0005510:Figure 2 | ||
| NCT05486065 | A4 | PLACEBO | 40 | contrast, md | R0005510:Figure 2 | ||||
| SURPASS-3 | A1 | TIRZ_SC_5MG_QW | 52 | arm, change | -7.500 | 0.400 | 310 | R0007531:Table 2 | |
| SURPASS-3 | A2 | TIRZ_SC_10MG_QW | 52 | arm, change | -10.700 | 0.400 | 291 | R0007531:Table 2 | |
| SURPASS-3 | A3 | TIRZ_SC_15MG_QW | 52 | arm, change | -12.900 | 0.400 | 295 | R0007531:Table 2 | |
| SURPASS-3 | A4 | INS_DEGLUDEC | 52 | arm, change | 2.300 | 0.400 | 317 | R0007531:Table 2 | |
| AWARD-1 | A1 | DULA_SC_1p5MG_QW | 52 | arm, change | -1.080 | 0.340 | 238 | registry:outcomes | |
| AWARD-1 | A2 | DULA_SC_0p75MG_QW | 52 | arm, change | 0.490 | 0.340 | 231 | registry:outcomes | |
| AWARD-1 | A3 | EXEN_SC_10UG_BID | 52 | arm, change | -0.760 | 0.350 | 210 | registry:outcomes |
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